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On Magic and Elvis Memorabilia

Posted on by Sigmund Ausfresser

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Inspiration for this week’s article came from a Facebook chat with Magic collector Philipp Shary. While I prefer Twitter (@sigfig8), I’m always eager to engage with folks in the community to talk all things Magic and Magic Finance.

“When is the best time to buy a collectible, Reserved List / Old School card?”

In traditional cheeky response, the best answer to this question is “yesterday.” While there’s your typical week-to-week and month-to-month variation, these classic cards have done nothing but appreciate over the past decade. The most iconic have been increasing in price for even longer—Black Lotus’s steady incline can basically be traced back towards the game’s inception.

There was an error retrieving a chart for Black Lotus

In terms of investment returns, there is very little that rivals iconic Magic cards.

How long can this trend really last? If a played Unlimited Black Lotus climbed from $100 to $10,000+ over the course of nearly 3 decades, does that mean we should expect another two orders of magnitude—$1,000,000—by 2050? I don’t think so. I suspect things will flatten and perhaps even reverse by then.

What’s my supporting data for such a prediction? I’m not so sure I have compelling evidence, but I can start with a comparison to the King of Rock and Roll himself.

Elvis Presley Memorabilia

Elvis Presley, deemed the “King of Rock and Roll,” was a popular singer, actor, personality, etc. throughout the 1950’s, 1960’s, and into the early 1970’s before his unfortunate death in 1977. He is by far one of the most iconic people of the 20th century. He’s got all sorts of records and awards from his musical career, and he was even posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom back in 2018.

In other words, this man was and still is a legend.

For years after his death, fans and collectors cherished (i.e. highly valued) all sorts of Elvis memorabilia. Ticket stubs, posters, signatures, worn clothes, pens, records, cuff links
 you name it, if it is associated with Elvis Presley, it could be worth good money. A quick search on eBay reveals dozens of sold items worth over $1000.

While it’s true these items still hold significant value—the Elvis Presley estate brought in roughly $1.5 million of memorabilia sales in 2019—collectors have observed the value of their items dropping over the past decade. As recently as 2017, memorabilia sales were more than double, at near $4 million. What gives?

A strong hypothesis is that the die hard fans of Elvis are aging, and with that their interest may be fading. Or in an extreme case, people with collections of memorabilia are passing away and their items are flooding the market. Since Elvis was most popular about 60 years ago, those with nostalgia for the singer are going to be aging in step. The new generations have only heard of Elvis—many may not even be able to name a single song he recorded.

With a lack of interest from younger generations, the luster of Elvis collectibles has started to fade.

Magic’s Place in the Timeline

This paints a dire picture for Magic fans. Eventually, the players and collectors with the greatest nostalgia for old Magic sets will age in similar fashion to Elvis fans. Fortunately, Magic is 20-30 years behind Elvis. So while die hard Elvis collectors are probably in their 60’s and 70’s, the super-collectors of Magic are still in their 30’s and 40’s (I myself am a thirty-something). In this age range, we’re still raising kids, teaching them the joys of Magic, and re-living our childhood by slinging spells first created in 1993 and 1994.

For this reason, Magic as an investment should still have at least 20 more years of health, before collectors decide to liquidate their collections en masse. What’s more, Magic is far from dead. You could argue the game is still in its peak, receiving significant attention from players, collectors, investors, and Hasbro shareholders. With this kind of attention, it’s not likely the game will be going away any time soon.

This means there’s a chance for newer generations to engage in the game and develop a bond with it. So while today’s thirty-somethings and forty-somethings are heavy collectors, there’s hope that a similar sense of nostalgia will reach players in their twenties about ten years from now. Only, their nostalgia may be for original Mirrodin and Champions of Kamigawa, rather than Arabian Nights and Revised.

There was an error retrieving a chart for Umezawa's Jitte

I don’t think this means the older stuff will fade away altogether—it may just receive less focus.

External Factors

There are other factors to keep in mind when attempting to extrapolate Magic card values years away from now.

First, there’s the overall health of the game. Magic is thriving today as players continue to feel hype with each new set release—Kamigawa: Neon Dynasty is no exception. As long as the game remains popular and the player base robust in size, the collectability of the game’s older cards will remain a worthwhile financial endeavor. Given the now 29-year history of the game, I don’t think it would suddenly die overnight, either. Chances are we the players will see the writing on the wall well before the game’s eventual death. As of today, I see no such signs.

Second, we need to consider the broader economy. The last couple years led to significant price appreciation in many asset classes, including Magic, cryptocurrency, stocks, and other collectibles. But nothing moves up in a straight line forever. We have already begun to see some cracks in America’s economy as inflation rears its ugly head, forcing the Fed to react with raising rates. This will act like a wet blanket on the market, and it could lead to some softness in Magic prices. It wouldn’t be the first time Magic prices took a pause and pulled back in price.

There was an error retrieving a chart for Underground Sea

From 2018 to 2020 there was a significant pullback in card prices after notching all-time highs in June 2018. It wasn’t until about February of 2021 before prices started seeing new records (depending on the card). We’ve even been in a consolidation phase for the past few months as prices bounce around without significant moves (with some exceptions). If we see a large drop in stock prices and cryptocurrency prices, it could have a short-term impact on Magic prices too. From there, it’s difficult to predict when everything will rebound, though I have to believe it all will rebound eventually.

Third, there’s the simple fact that card prices just can’t go up forever. Eventually, things have to level out, almost like an asymptote. Where that asymptote lies on the scale is difficult for me to predict. But I think it’s safe to say Unlimited Black Lotuses will never reach $1,000,000 in my lifetime (probably not ever). Some of the rarest, most collectible pieces of artwork never reach that level, so why would an Unlimited rare with over 10,000 copies in circulation? I just don’t see it.

I have a very difficult time imagining $100,000 Unlimited Black Lotuses, too. At some point, the opportunity cost is simply too great. Would you rather have a piece of cardboard or a down payment on a house? A piece of cardboard, or your child’s college tuition fully covered? At some point, the equation stops making sense.

If we embrace this theory, then prices must peak eventually. They may not peak and then sell off drastically, but they could peak and then drift sideways for years, with a slow and steady decay as the collector population ages. Are Old School players going to be so focused on their Erhnam and Burn-em and “The Deck” decks into their 60’s? Perhaps by then, they'll have other priorities in life, though it’s difficult to say for sure.

Wrapping It Up

All these factors introduce uncertainty. With this uncertainty in mind, I’m creating a plan. It’s not fully cooked, so I’m not ready to share it just yet. But, with the end goal of raising funds from Magic to fund my two children’s college educations, I recognize that I have a timeline to work against. I will absolutely need to have most of my collection sold in the next 10-ish years.

What I haven’t figured out yet is the best way to sell everything. Should I find a large vendor looking for a significant boost in Old School inventory, and sell it to them at once? I don’t love that idea because it likely implies taking a hit on value. The most cost-effective approach would probably be to sell it all, gradually, a couple cards at a time. If I’m going to do that, however, I almost need to start now; an example, hypothetical cash-out target date of 2030 doesn’t leave me as much time as you’d think to sell this whole collection piece by piece.

As I compare Magic to Elvis, my confidence in card price stability remains strong. While it could offer some foreshadowing for what may happen to card prices twenty years from now, the player base with maximum Magic nostalgia is still young enough to remain engaged in the hobby. This “Suspicious Mind” sees plenty of “Shake, Rattle, and Roll” left in Old School prices—at least for the next decade!

Quiet Conversations Episode 2 – “Kamigawa Neon Dynasty”

Posted on by Adam Cohen

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An Exciting and Powerful New Set

In this episode of Quiet Conversations, five members of the Quiet Speculation team discuss a few of the cards they're most excited about from the new set and share their overall impressions.

Show Notes

  1. Introductions
  2. Kamigawa Neon Dynasty General Impressions
  3. Standard – Adam
  4. Modern – Jordan, David E.
  5. Legacy – David E., Beardy
  6. Commander (Main Set cards) – Beardy
  7. Alchemy/Historic – Adam
  8. Open Comments: Panel
  9. Wrap

Pannel Members

Limited Preparation Beyond The Basics

Posted on by Paul Comeau

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Deeper Limited Preparation and Deckbuilding

It's Kamigawa: Neon Dynasty prerelease time! In a previous article, I looked at some of the basics of preparing for prerelease, with tips on how to make your prerelease experience the most enjoyable. This week, we're going to delve a little deeper and look at a few preparation tips that can help you win your event, or at least help you build a better deck. These tips will help you with any Limited event you're playing, whether preparing for prerelease at your Local Game Store (LGS), for a Grand Prix, or for Game Day in March if your LGS is running Sealed for their Game Day.

Limited Archetypes and Key Cards

Limited archetypes matter a little less in Sealed than Draft. In Draft, you have more of an opportunity to craft your deck. This allows you to lean into the synergies of the cards you open and are passed by other players. In Sealed, you are confined to building your deck from what you open in your packs. It is still important to be familiar with the limited archetypes, as that knowledge can speed up your deckbuilding process. The easiest way to familiarize yourself with the archetypes is to learn the signpost uncommons in the format. These powerful, two-color uncommons do a good job of representing what a color combintion is all about strategically.

In Sealed, knowing the signpost uncommons, and having a familiarity with the synergies around them, can help steer you during deckbuilding. This is especially true in pools where the rares opened are weak or unplayable. As an example, let's say you opened one or more Enthusiastic Mechanauts. This would be a good indication to look at blue/red, especially leaning on artifacts and artifact synergies. We'll go into this in more depth when we get to how to approach deckbuilding.

As I mentioned in my How to Prepare for Prerelease article, I use Scryfall to study a set in preparation for playing any Limited format. Scryfall makes it easy to learn the signpost uncommons because they've tagged them for every set going back the last several years. You can find the ones for Kamigawa Neon Dynasty here:

https://scryfall.com/search?q=oracletag%3Acycle-neo-draft-signpost

From the Scryfall search bar, you can type in "oracletag:cycle-neo-draft-signpost" for the same result. You can change this to quickly look at the signpost uncommons for other sets by changing the three-letter set code to the set of your choice. "mid" for Innistrad Midnight Hunt for example.

Common/Uncommon Removal and Combat Tricks

Once you've familiarized yourself with the signpost uncommons and have an understanding of the archetypes, the next step is to get to know the common and uncommon removal spells and combat tricks. These are the tricks you'll most frequently encounter in Limited. Having an awareness of them will give you an advantage over your opponents, by helping you figure out what they could have, and what you might need to play around. A quick Scryfall search reveals 61 instants, sorceries, and enchantments at common and uncommon in Neon Dynasty. This is a large list and doesn't even cover cards with channel abilities, which we'll address in the next section.

To keep things simple, let's focus on one-mana value spells which could affect combat or impact our board. Those criteria leave us seven cards to consider. The more we play the format, the more we will pick up on the two mana, or three mana spells our opponents could have, but let's take this as our starting point.

One-Mana-Value Tricks and Removal

These one-mana tricks are all very good for their rate, and they are all at common, meaning the chances are very good your opponents will have at least one of these in their decks if they're in the respective color. White, black, and red each have two, green has one, and blue has zero, though blue does get Spell Pierce to try and fight back.

Of the seven spells, only one — Clawing Torment — isn't an instant. However, it can give -1/-1 to a blocker after combat to take it out, allowing you to trade up, or sit on the creature or artifact it enchants as a repeated source of damage. We also cannot discount its ability to make the enchanted creature unable to block, allowing you to push through damage, and keep a repeating source of damage on board that your opponent can't just suicide into one of your threats.

As we will see in the next section, Neon Dynasty has a higher density of tricks than the average set, thanks in part to an ability unique to Kamigawa.

A Quick Note About Channel

Channel is an ability word found on 23 cards in Neon Dynasty. It adds versatility to a number of cards of a variety of card types. Part of what makes the channel ability so good is it can be activated at instant speed. The most powerful channel cards for Limited are the ones that have strong primary modes in addition to their channel abilities.

These are two of the strongest channel cards for Limited. If the opponent is in either of these colors, it's a safe bet to assume they have these cards somewhere in their deck and to plan your plays appropriately.

The high density of interaction, including cards with the channel ability, has me thinking Neon Dynasty is an aggressive format where tempo is very important. How do we take this knowledge, and our familiarity with the tricks and archetypes of the set, and apply it to our deckbuilding?

A Straightforward Approach to Sealed Deck Building

I approach deckbuilding in Sealed with the goal of building a deck that strikes a balance between raw power and consistency. Often, especially at prerelease, I will err on the side of building the deck that has the most raw power, with the option of siding into a more consistent deck if possible, and if needed. These are the steps I take, and the questions I ask along the way. The end result should be a playable deck, and a sideboard plan if the pool supports it.

  • Open packs and sort all the cards into WUBRG order. Put colorless artifacts, gold cards, and multi-color-producing lands in their own separate piles.
  • Move cards I don't see myself playing under any circumstances to the back of each pile.
  • Move the playable rares, followed by other playable cards in their color, to the front of each pile.
  • Identify the tricks and removal spells, and which colors have the greatest density of each.
  • Determine which of the rares I want to play. Are their colors well-supported?
  • Consider the signpost uncommons in the pool. Is there overlap between the synergies of the signpost uncommons and cards in their color in my pool?
  • Which color pair provides the greatest number of tricks and removal?
  • Which color pair provides the most consistency and synergy?
  • Choose the 2-3 colors I intend to play, that allow me to play the most rares, the most tricks/removal, and have the most consistency and synergy (in that order of priority).
  • Lay out by mana value the cards in the colors I've selected. Keep creatures and non-creatures separate.
  • Look at the curve. Is there an even spread of mana values, especially in creatures, allowing me to play something every turn? (If not, I might need to reevaluate my color choices).
  • Start making cuts until I narrow down to the 23 best cards for my deck.
  • Set aside any cards I've cut that have sideboard potential.
  • Figure out my manabase, and start sleeving.

Once I've built my primary deck, I reexamine the rest of my pool, essentially repeating the steps above. The goal for the second pass is twofold: first, it's to make sure there are no cards I'm overlooking. Second, it's to look for a possible second build, or a sideboarded version of my primary deck prioritizing consistency over raw power. This also acts as a check on my process. Is there a better configuration of my first deck that I've overlooked? Perhaps that third color is unnecessary, or I should have a different splash? How's my fixing?

I'm constantly asking questions through the deckbuilding process and attempting to find answers for them in my pool. The end result is hopefully a deck I'm confident playing, and a sideboard plan if things don't shake out as intended.

Additional Preparation Ideas

These are the preparations I make, and the deckbuilding process I follow for most prereleases. Some of these steps might not be for everyone. Others might want additional preparation beyond these steps. Time permitting, I'd recommend building a couple of practice sealed pools, either using a simulator like DraftSim, or building and playing on Arena. It's a great way to get a head start on the format before sitting down to play in paper.

If preparing for a larger event like a Grand Prix, or perhaps your LGS's Sealed Game Day in March, I'd recommend enlisting the aid of a friend to go over sealed pools with and evaluate cards together. No two players see Magic in the same way. Having a friend to bounce ideas off of, and share preparation will help both of you improve the quality of your deckbuilding.

How do you prepare for prerelease and other Limited events? What's your deckbuilding process? Let me know in the comments or on Twitter.

Three Simple Steps For Dealing With Bulk

Posted on by Joe Mauri

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TLDR: Sort, Sort, Sort. Well, dealing with bulk is actually a lot more complicated than that... but it doesn't have to be!

What Is Bulk?

Every single collection starts as bulk. Each pack you open contains a minimum of ten bulk cards. The wrinkle here, though, is that bulk varies from individual to individual. I promise that's not a cop out answer; it's the truth. If you're a mad scientist deck builder type and have three decks for each day of the week, there are very few bulk cards for you. If you're a classic tournament grinder Spike, then almost every card is bulk for you. Bulk varies if you're a high volume or low volume seller. However, there are a couple of easy guidelines that lead to what we can all agree constitutes true bulk, and from here on out that is what I mean when I refer to "bulk".

So, True Bulk, Then

Cards that are desirable to nearly no Magic player are true bulk. My favorite example is Grizzly Bears. This card is, was, and always will be a direct side effect of the fact that Magic was always intended to have a Draft game type, one which absolutely requires vanilla bodies and other extremely bad cards to facilitate limited play. Of course, once the draft is over, a lot of players dump their cards into the local draft bin, where they languish until a new player decides to give them a home.

"But what about someone building an Ayula, Queen Among Bears Commander deck? Surely they want Grizzly Bears!" Yes, I'm sure they do. However, that kind of deck builder is generally looking for an Alpha/Beta/Unlimited or otherwise unique printing or foil, and is sure to be less excited about a readily available Revised or 4th Edition bear. And, again, it's not about a card having zero desirability; it's about a card having too limited an appeal.

Maintaining inventory and stock of bulk cards takes the same time, effort, and physical space as maintaining inventory of much more valuable cards. Thus, bulk cards have a very high opportunity cost. It is not worth holding onto them because they damage your bottom line.

So, About Those Steps

I have developed a system to maintain a decent inventory while also not being inundated with bulk cards. If you have been playing, trading, buying, and selling Magic for years, then you probably already have a decent idea of what cards are *not bulk,* and thus everything else *is bulk,* right? While that is a method which is extremely time-efficient, you may be throwing out the baby with the bathwater in this case. I'll recount two recent bulk outs I've done to illustrate this point.

Collection One

This collection was entirely Standard-legal cards, and is great when we're talking about bulk. Many Standard players do not buy the absolute top decks that cost the most money, but improvise with a lot of picks. The result of this strategy is that when a card is in Standard, it's a lot less likely to be bulk. In this particular collection of 10K cards, I buylisted 600 cards to Card Kingdom for over $140. Even though it's a vendor, they were paying on average 23 cents per card.

Historically, I pay around one-third of one penny per single card. Getting 70x that value back is a tremendous gain. Singles that are $2 or so are not bulk, but they are rarely worth my time to sell to an individual. I would rather get $1 from a vendor and pay for shipping once. Remember what I said about bulk cards costing you time? The same goes here—I'd much rather go to the post office once than 600 times. Not to mention protection: I'm using zero toploaders and zero envelopes. Not spending money is the same as making money.

Collection Two

Actually a conglomerate of four collections I purchased in January, this collection was explored in detail here and here. It spanned from Modern to Standard with few "old" cards. The great thing about these collections were the massive number of higher-dollar Modern staples and many highly-playable, in-demand low-dollar cards. It was fairly easy to scoop out a dozen copies of Rhythm of the Wild for example, which I am selling in playsets.

What was left over? In over 8K cards, I only managed to hit $110 on the buylist, and that by throwing in some additional cards from my previous inventory. Further, unlike the first collection which had only near mint cards, these cards were in much rougher shape. At the time of writing, I don't know how much it's going to sting, but I am sending in a lot of cards that are nowhere near NM/LP. The thing is, imagine trying to sell 1000 low-end cards that aren't in good shape to extract as much value per possible, per card. It's just a huge waste of time.

What's Left Over

Out of the nearly 20K cards collected here, there are about 13,000 that I consider to be bulk. The 3,000 rares, mythics and foils, along with the 2,000 valuable and playable cards, will give me more than enough inventory for future sales. The value has been separated from the bulk.

What If I Don't Know Cards That Well?

It's true that buying and selling bulk is much easier the more game knowledge you have. But if knowledge is lacking, the easiest shortcut is to get a general idea of the sets of the cards. Once you know that your inventory is mostly Standard or Modern or Legacy, you can check decklists at several different sites. Go over cards in those decks for an idea of what you should be setting aside. Obviously there will be a lot of rares and mythics, but this will give you an idea of what types of cards are seeing play right now, and thus are not bulk at any rarity.

Also, any cards that get reprinted in Commander decks tend to not qualify as bulk even if they have been reprinted dozens of times, so pull all of those as well. There really is no shortcut here, but at least there are tools to aid you somewhat. You can also take another approach which is just to scan everything, and that is definitely effective. Even if you're scanning everything, you can still use those sessions to build up your knowledge of cards to make future sessions quicker, as not scanning a card you know is bulk saves time.

Would You Buy 24 of These?

There was an error retrieving a chart for Unsummon

Well Card Kingdom did, at .05 each. Having $1.20 in my pocket right now is way better than having an inventory of 24x 2013 Unsummon, and I still have other copies to sell if I needed to for any reason. Will there suddenly be a run on 2013 Unsummon? No. There are so many different printings which are vastly more desirable that this card definitely would qualify as bulk. However, rather than throw it in a bulk bin, we've gotten a lot of its value with minimal effort. What I am willing to sell a card for is integrally related to what I am willing to pay to acquire said card. I am willing to pay bulk prices to get 2013 Unsummon, and I'm extremely happy to get 15x my money back for it. This is yet another test for "Is it bulk?" If you would pay even a penny for a card, it's unlikely to be bulk.

Ahem, I Was Promised Steps

Yes, you were. But you were also told: "Sort, Sort, Sort." Indeed, the promised steps have everything to do with sorting.

The very first step is to separate rares, mythics, and anything you recognize as highly playable or valuable commons/uncommons. The second, then, is to pull everything else for buylists. That leaves the final step which is the most important of the three.

Step Three Is Also Sort Three

Here is where you get to determine what is going into your long-term inventory and what you are going to bulk off. As noted above, this is different for different situations. Maybe your current inventory level is low and you need to keep a lot. Or maybe your inventory level is high and you've been keeping too much. Anything not buylisted here is true bulk for me, and they are no longer what I consider to be cards—they are fractions of a penny that I want to make into whole pennies.

Taking Out the Trash

The primary way I've sold bulk at this stage is Craigslist and Facebook Marketplace. Unfortunately, shipping has only grown more and more expensive—prohibitively so, in some cases—such that selling locally makes the most sense for me. To the vendors who are making money selling bulk on eBay that is clearly marked as bulk, I applaud you. Unfortunately, I feel like there are a lot of bad faith actors who are selling bulk but labeling it as potentially something better when we all know there is no value there. That is the primary reason I do not purchase anonymous bulk. In local marketplaces, I typically sell for between $10-$20/1K which I feel is fair based on condition. Plus, I'm always ready to negotiate, and will generally accept any offer over $5/1K.

Secondarily, I contact local FLGS and ask them if they are buying bulk and if so, what they are paying. I've had the opportunity to sell for $10/1K a few times. Make sure to ask if you can get extra for store credit, then turn that credit into a valuable card for further gains.

Finally, if I am going to a convention and want to make grab bags, I will often utilize bulk for those purposes. As you can see, I'm extremely against shipping true bulk—for me, it's just too costly.

Final Thoughts

Remember: bulk makes up the vast majority of all cards that will ever pass through your hands. It's important to min-max, and to really understand that no matter how many extra hours you throw at selling Grizzly Bears, the payoff just isn't there. Sort, Sort and Sort again, and you'll know that you have not missed any value.

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Joe Mauri

Joe has been an avid MTG player and collector since the summer of 1994 when he started his collection with a booster box of Revised. Millions of cards later he still enjoys tapping lands and slinging spells at the kitchen table, LGS, or digital Arena. Commander followed by Draft are his favorite formats, but, he absolutely loves tournaments with unique build restrictions and alternate rules. A lover of all things feline, he currently resides with no less than five majestic creatures who are never allowed anywhere near his cards. When not Gathering the Magic, Joe loves streaming a variety of games on Twitch(https://www.twitch.tv/beardymagics) both card and other.

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Handling Triggered Abilities

Posted on by Andrew Villarrubia

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You Know What These Are

If you've played Magic for longer than a week, you've run into a triggered ability. Some of them provide an incredible benefit, like Dark Confidant's; others punish their controllers, like Leveler's. Today we'll dive into the guts of triggered abilities, how they work, and how we judges fix them when things go wrong.

The Basics

Triggered abilities always include one of the words "when," "whenever," or "at," either directly on the card or in the rules text of an ability (as with cascade: "when you cast this spell"). Generally, that crucial word comes at the start of the trigger condition. Omnath, Locus of Creation, for example, has two triggered abilities: "When Omnath enters the battlefield[...]" and "Whenever a land enters the battlefield under your control[...]."

Most triggered abilities follow a similar structure: "[When/Whenever/At] [trigger condition or event], [effect]" -- though we'll cover some exceptions in just a bit.

Triggered abilities go on the stack the next time a player would receive priority. If different players both have triggers that need to go on the stack simultaneously, they go on the stack in active player, nonactive player order, with each player choosing the relative order of their own triggers. For example, if active player Abby controls Sylvan Library and Midnight Oil, and nonactive player Nick controls Teferi's Puzzle Box, Abby can choose the order her two triggers go on the stack, while Nick's trigger will always go on the stack after hers.

To put a triggered ability on the stack, think of it a bit like a spell. Players must choose a trigger's modes and targets as part of this process. Note that if a mode has no legal targets, it can't be chosen. For instance, if a player casts Charming Prince and controls no other creatures, they can't choose the third mode of its enters the battlefield triggered ability. Similarly, if a trigger necessitates making a choice and there's no legal choice to make, the ability is removed from the stack without doing anything.

Delayed and Reflexive and Mana Triggered Abilities, Oh My!

Of course, for each rule, there must be exceptions. And, yes, they're called "triggered mana abilities," but that wouldn't work with the goofy section title I wanted.

As you may have guessed from the name, delayed triggers tell players to do something later. They still use "when," "whenever," or "at" to identify themselves, but not usually at the start of the ability. For those older Modern players, Geist of Saint Traft's "Exile that token at end of combat" is a delayed trigger set up by the original attack trigger. Delayed triggers are usually created by a resolving spell or ability, but can also be the result of a replacement effect (like Cosmic Intervention) or a static ability that lets a player take an action (like Chancellor of the Tangle).

Reflexive triggers are triggers inside other spells or abilities, and they come with one very important caveat: if the reflexive trigger has a target, players only choose that target when the reflexive trigger goes on the stack. For instance, Hypothesizzle doesn't require a target to cast it. If, however, a player chooses to discard a nonland card, the reflexive trigger to deal 4 damage to a creature does require a target. That trigger goes on the stack after Hypothesizzle has fully resolved.

Triggered mana abilities look like normal triggered abilities, but are different in that they resolve immediately and don't use the stack. To qualify as a triggered mana ability, one must:

  1. not require a target (sorry, Deathrite Shaman)
  2. trigger on the activation or resolution of an activated mana ability (think Utopia Sprawl)
  3. potentially add mana when it resolves

Double the Triggers, Double the Fun

Magic has given us a fair few cards in the past few years that let us double up on triggers. Panharmonicon has been a standout Commander card since its release, and the Mardu commander Isshin, Two Heavens as One coming out in Kamigawa: Neon Dynasty has already caused quite a lot of chatter.

Alongside that, Wizards has also introduced some new phrases: "Do this only once each turn" (e.g. Donal, Herald of Wings) and "this ability triggers only once each turn" (e.g. Jin-Gitaxias, Progress Tyrant). The latter ability simply can't be doubled, while the former can be. While we currently don't have any "do this only once each turn" abilities that can really benefit from being doubled, it may become relevant later on.

Triggers which trigger an additional time exist entirely separate from one another. For instance, if a player controls Panharmonicon and resolves Charming Prince, they can choose different modes for each trigger. If they copied that trigger instead (say with Strionic Resonator), they wouldn't be able to then change the chosen mode.

Missed Me (Regular REL)

Most games involve a lot of triggers. Modern is crawling with Mishra's Baubles, Eidolon of the Great Revels, and Dragon's Rage Channelers all over the place. With everything going on, sometimes things get missed. How do we resolve that?

The answer changes a bit between Regular Rules Enforcement Level (REL) like Friday Night Magic and Competitive REL like a Grand Prix. However, step one does not: call a judge!

The Judging at Regular REL document governs Regular REL and has this to say on the matter:

[Triggered] abilities are considered missed if the player did not acknowledge the ability in any way at the point that it requires choices or had a visible in-game effect. If the ability includes the word "may," assume the player chose not to perform it. Otherwise, put the ability on the stack unless you think it would be too disruptive - don't add it to the stack if significant decisions have been made based on the effect not happening! Unlike other illegal actions (which must be pointed out), players may choose whether or not to point out their opponent's missed triggers.

Judging At Regular REL

Judge discretion plays a big role at Regular REL. I would consider a "significant decision" something like a player paying 2 life to have their Watery Grave enter untapped after their opponent missed an Eidolon of the Great Revel trigger.

Missed Me (Competitive REL)

The Magic Infraction Procedure Guide applies to Competitive and Professional REL. It defines Missed Trigger thusly:

A triggered ability triggers, but the player controlling the ability doesn't demonstrate awareness of the trigger's existence by the first time that it would affect the game in a visible fashion.

Magic Infraction Procedure Guide

Want more info on how exactly to determine whether a trigger has been missed? Smarter people than I have written the Annotated IPG. There's also Dave Elden's Judging FTW video on missed triggers:

Instead, we'll focus on how to resolve those missed triggers. First, we have a few special cases.

If the triggered ability is an enters-the-battlefield trigger of an Aura that affects only the enchanted permanent and causes a visible change to that permanent, resolve the ability immediately.

Magic Infraction Procedure Guide

Did you put Charmed Sleep on a creature and forget to tap it? Cool. We can tap it now.

If the triggered ability is a delayed triggered ability that undoes a zone change (including token creation) caused by the effect that created the delayed triggered ability, the opponent chooses whether to resolve the ability the next time a player would get priority or when a player would get priority at the start of the next phase. The new zone does not need to be the same as the one the card was originally moved from.

Magic Infraction Procedure Guide

This excerpt covers a couple of things. If a player forgot to return The Scarab God to their hand, that fits here. We return it to their hand either next time a player would get priority or the start of the next phase. The fix also handles situations in the vein of "oops, I forgot to exile my Angel token from Geist of Saint Traft."

For all other triggered abilities, if the ability was missed prior to the current phase in the previous turn, instruct the players to continue playing. If the triggered ability created an effect whose duration has already expired, instruct the players to continue playing.

Magic Infraction Procedure Guide

If the trigger doesn't fit into one of the two previously mentioned categories, it has a one-turn shelf life. After that, we don't fix it.

Otherwise, the opponent chooses if the trigger goes on the stack now. A player can't make any choices for the trigger that wouldn't have been a legal choice at the time. For instance, if they missed a Fleshbag Marauder trigger, played a Grizzly Bears, and then noticed, they couldn't sacrifice the Bears.

We don't assign Warnings for Missed Triggers by default. However, if a trigger is detrimental to the same player who owns the card that created the trigger, they will receive a Warning. That "card" clause is significant pretty much entirely because of The Tabernacle at Pendrell Vale. Before the clause was added, players could get Warnings for forgetting their own creatures' Tabernacle triggers, even if Tabernacle wasn't their card.

Cleanup

Hopefully, this helped clear up the convoluted world of triggered abilities some. Did I write this mostly to talk about Geist of Saint Traft? Maybe. Do I lie awake most nights pining for him to be playable in Modern again? Don't judge me.

Join me next week for another entry in the Layers series! And as a reminder, If you have any topics you'd like to see covered, you can reach me on Twitter or our Insider Discord.

Question of the week: Do you have any tips or tricks to remember triggered abilities?

New Set, New Commander Decks! A Review

Posted on by Joe Mauri

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I have not been this excited for a Magic set in quite a while, but it looks like Kamigawa: Neon Dynasty is going to have cards that may shake up every single format!

Today we're taking a look at the two Commander decks that have been spoiled: Buckle Up and Upgrades Unleashed.

Here's a link to the official decklists including an "oops" made at the factory. It turns out the Upgrades Unleashed deck actually has 2x copies of Mossfire Valley, so you get a free bonus rare!

One thing I'd like to mention before diving into the article is that I have had the chance to actually play these decks online using some helpful Magic programs. Our focus in this article is on the contents of both decks. In next week's article, we will talk about the changes I made and how they played out. That will come out just in time for the decks to be released in paper for those of you looking to spice them up immediately.

First Impressions on Power Up

Wow, Wizards really outdid themselves. No, I mean they really outdid themselves, and I mean that in the wrong way. The selection of cards in this deck is unbelievable. It feels like an algorithm built this deck rather than a human being. To pivot the deck in a different direction, a lot of cards need to be removed, so many that it would cease being a Kotori, Pilot Prodigy deck. They've made some good decisions from a synergy and staples perspective, but I feel like there is no big picture to the deck. "What could we reprint for Kotori?" seems like the number one question asked and answered by this deck, and I find it severely lacking in flavor.

An Unlikely (and Underwhelming) Commander

I just don't get it. The way the deck is built, you have very few one- and two-drops to play before Kotori. Most of the time, it's just sitting in play as a 2/3. You get some vigilance and some lifelink, but why? There's very little synergy for this commander. In theory it reduces crew costs, but when that even comes up, opponents will just kill it. Nothing has haste! Just writing these notes has me fuming at the memories of how frustrating it was to actually play with this deck. In next week's article, you will see me try to salvage Kotori as the commander. Ultimately, though, I think I have a better suggestion for the shell.

Is There Any Good News?

The good news is it needs nothing to work out of the box as a casual-friendly, low-powered deck, which is a real plus. I know many Commander players like pre-mades for that exact reason. There's also the Shorikai, Genesis Engine theory, which makes more and more sense as I play the deck. TLDR: My guess is that Shorikai was the original commander, but there was some kind of last minute decision which left the deck the way it is. Oops again, Wizards!

So What's Inside?

Fifteen total Vehicles, with 7 completely new from Neon Dynasty. The deck also has 33 total Artifacts to improve deck synergy. It includes cards like Dispatch, which is perfectly on-theme and also extremely strong given what the deck is about; then, there are staple cards like Swords to Plowshares because... white? For me, that's a flavor fail, and a missed opportunity to imbue the deck with some much-needed identity.

Some Weird Includes from Reprinted Cards

Indomitable Archangel feels strange to me. It's essentially a four-mana Standard Bearer that eats a removal spell. Doesn't this deck have a TON of recursion, stock? Do you really need shroud for your artifacts? This doesn't even protect Kotori, which would have made a more compelling reason to include it.

Riddlesmith is fine, but it's never gotten me more than one extra re-draw per turn. The deck simply doesn't have enough low-cost artifacts to legitimize it for me. Also, there's a Jace in here...? This card has zero synergy with the deck. You could convince me that Jace, Cunning Castaway could be an alright include in this deck, but Architect makes absolutely no sense.

Some Weird Includes from the New Cards

As for Release to Memory, I guess they wanted to add a graveyard interaction answer, and it does include Spirits, which adds Kamigawa flavor. The problem is, this should instead be one of a dozen great artifacts that can interact with not only graveyards but also synergize with your plan. And fine, you might say, they wanted to include a new Neon Dynasty graveyard card. Well, why not Lion Sash, which is unbelievably better for this deck and is also a rare from Neon Dynasty in white? Wizards: crickets.

Given the algorithmic level of reprinting
 why aren't there any artifact lands AT ALL in this deck? Overall, artifact lands offer a huge synergy boost. You can play Razortide Bridge and Darksteel Citadel if you are that afraid of your land being destroyed. Raff Capashen, Ship's Mage and Shimmer Myr gives all your artifacts flash, but so what? Basically Katsumasa, the Animator is a version of Raff that makes sense in this deck.

The BIGGEST Weird New Card Include

Let me be clear: Shorikai, Genesis Engine is good, fun, and works well with the deck. I almost wish it was the default commander. If I had more time, I would have played more games with the two legends swapped. This week, I am going to try and get in more Shorikai games, as I have a feeling it's the better choice from every angle. It's an extremely easy swap, but even then, I'm still unsure that Kotori is a card good enough to include in the deck.

Some Awesome Includes That Work in Multiple Decks

Where Power Up somewhat fails at its own theme, I can tell you it does have some really great looking cards that will easily slot into many other existing deck archetypes.

Drumbellower is going into my Mellicent, Restless Revenant Spirit tribal deck and is an awesome include in a HUGE number of Commander decks. It's super flexible between mana ramp, crewing on defense, multiple activations of abilities and so on. Expect to see it frequently.

Organic Extinction is an awesome one-sided wrath for this deck and any other strategy featuring a lot of artifacts. While it does not look as good as Blasphemous Act, it definitely should be at least as good as Day of Judgment, and the one-sided potential cannot be ignored.

Kappa Cannoneer is one of the most on-point new cards. It's an artifact creature. It has improvise. Ward 4 is pretty good. Turtle Warrior instead of Turtle Ninja, but, it has a massive CANNON on its back, and for good reason as it will steadily grow and become unblockable. There are many infinite combos involving bouncing artifacts over and over again that charge up the Cannoneer to one-shot someone. A great include in this deck with definite potential for others as well.

What About the Memes?

Swift Reconfiguration takes the absolute top prize here. Killing a commander is good. Turning a commander into an insect with Darksteel Mutation is better. Sending someone's commander to the moon with Imprisoned in the Moon is hilarious. But now you can turn a commander into a Vehicle, and for the low cost of one mana. I'm getting an unhealthy amount of silly ideas just from this one card. Speaking of which, I wonder when the Secret Lair VIP GTA edition comes out....

Was Power Up Fun to Play?

Well, the biggest flaw is the lack of haste, no doubt one of Magic's most powerful evergreen mechanics. While haste is not a common white or blue keyword ability, it would have been nice if Kotori, being a pilot prodigy and all, at least granted the Vehicle that it crews haste, like Speedway Fanatic. The next thing I find lacking is the overall number of artifacts and Vehicles. This Commander deck suffers from a common issue among pre-made decks which I call it "one third" problem. Basically, while drawing a perfect mana curve of roughly one in three draws, you need to draw exactly one-third "engine" cards like Sram, Senior Edificer, Sai Master, Thopterist or Thopter Spy Network while also drawing one-third "gas" cards like artifacts and/or Vehicles. Every time you draw an instant or sorcery, it slows your engine. Every time you draw another engine piece while you already have one, it's another dead draw. Imagine having Sram, Sai, Network, AND Kotori in play at once
 crickets... that's right, nothing triggers, nothing happens, and you're left with a bunch of vanilla creatures sitting around moping. Yikes!

When I curved out, played a couple of artifacts early, got an engine online, and then just drew a couple more Vehicles, the deck showed potential. Unfortunately, I felt like I was durdling a lot of the time the ideal draw scenario did not happen.

If I had to rate Power Up on a scale of one (worst) to five (best): for raw power, it gets just about a two. For fun, I'd rate it at three when it's working, or one when it's not. I played it against other decks that I would consider competitive and casual alike, but I had a hard time because the deck itself does not function well.

How Would I Power Up, Uh, Power Up?

For more on this topic, check out my follow-up article next week. I will say now that improving the deck involves doing a lot more of what I think the deck is trying to do, and adding cards to support those gameplans instead of keeping random staple spells that hurt the probability of drawing engine cards. We can certainly improve the consistency, power, and fun of doing what the deck is meant to do. Can we transform Power Up into a cEDH dream deck? Probably not with Kotori, but raising the fun quotient is well within reach.

Next, let's talk about the other Neon Dynasty commander deck, Upgrades Unleashed, lead by Chisiro, The Shattered Blade.

First Impressions on Upgrades Unleashed: a Night and Day Difference

Wow, Chisiro is both powerful and fun! I can see a bunch of *different* ways to improve this deck, and they are all awesome, but it still plays great right out of the box. It doesn't matter what cards you draw; you are always going to threaten to kill players in a few turns. Since the commander gives you both creatures and counters, it does not matter which one-third of the deck you draw, as you can cover the shortfall with your commander's ability. Nearly every card seems to be both a synergistic card and a potential threat left unchecked.

The Secret Sauce

Chisiro is all about the new modified mechanic, so how many cards synergize with that theme? About 45, and after subtracting the lands that DON'T have synergy, that makes 70% of the deck. All in all, Chisiro has tremendous synergy, and every card choice is either decent, good, or extremely good. Now, it does have some staple cards like Kodama's Reach and Rampant Growth that I already have better ideas for, but those are simply swapping non-thematic ramp for thematic ramp. Ramp is ramp and improving the flavor a bit at virtually no cost in power is a no brainer for me.

Where Are the Bad Cards?

Truth be told, there are very few to be found. There certainly exist more powerful cards than Chain Reaction, Decimate and Starstorm, but I think these have a place here nonetheless. Consider that your monsters are likely unreasonably huge. They can survive damage, but not a boardwipe. On the other hand, you need to wipe the board, or at least clear a lot of tokens. Additionally, the cards pair well with the new spell Smoke Spirits' Aid—in that light, these choices belong.

Decimate can be tricky to put on the stack sometimes, but in a four-player game, it's very likely you just enjoy a four-for-one. Even Walking Skyscraper, which looks a bit odd at first, could be a zero mana 8/8 with trample and hexproof that will grow into one-shot territory quickly. Remember how Power Up has no haste? Chisiro has a ton of haste! Gigantic hexproof monsters with trample AND haste for zero mana are never awful.

Reprints vs. New Cards

For the title of best reprint, it's got to be a toss up between Grumgully, the Generous and Forgotten Ancient. They both do exactly what the deck wants to do, and for very little mana. I think I will give the nod to Grumgully because out of seventeen creatures there is only one Human, Champion of Lambholt, and you can see it was a deliberate design choice to limit the number of Humans.

The Best Cards from NEO

This is a really hard choice, but I want to say the best new cards are either Akki Battle Squad or Concord with the Kami. Getting double attacks is outrageous value, but Concord is super flexible no matter the game state. Ultimately, the ability to draw cards and rebuild your board state helps you win, whereas double attack steps is mostly win-more. Of course, this deck does not need a lot to win, and it can build back up from a board wipe surprisingly fast. Silkguard is another really great card, and i is essentially the very heavily played Snakeskin Veil but even better and more thematic in this deck. Instead of jamming the same 10 cards into every commander deck, this is a great example of just slightly re-tooling an existing card and putting it into a commander deck where folks can have 95% of the power but way more flexibility, which keeps games fun.

What About the Memes?

Well, alright, since you asked. I've got to ask, Collision of the Realms? I know the deck has a very loose token sub-theme from Chisiro and cards like Concord, One With the Kami, Elemental Mastery, and Ulasht, the Hate Seed. But is that really compelling enough to include Collision? Time will tell on this one, but I have yet to even cast it. It feels like it has a significant chance of helping someone else at the table a lot more than me, so I'm not sold on it yet.

Was Upgrades Unleashed Fun to Play?

Heck yeah it was! I cannot stress enough how the deck played itself, and seemingly cannot fail to spiral out of control in just a few turns. While it might not look like the deck is resilient to board wipes and removal, cards like Hunter's Insight, Rishkar's Expertise, and Concord with the Kami can restore a game state in quick order. Plus, there's enough hexproof and totem armor effects that Chisiro is unlikely to just die.

If I had to rate Upgrades Unleashed on that same one-to-five scale, it gets a three for raw power and a four for fun. In any game where I was left alone, at all, I quickly became the archenemy at the table and sometimes could kill two players at once. With just a few changes, I am hoping to turn that into three! While it is certainly not a cEDH-grade deck, it's strong for a casual deck because you are always growing. Be wary if your play group wants a slower experience.

And That's a Wrap... Until Next Week!

I'll be busy playing these decks with a few notable changes. Check in next week for my take on substitutions. I'm already super hyped for Chisiro, but I'm hoping I can get at least as pumped for Shorikai. I'm just not sure there's any hope for Kotori itself, but I will give it the best shot I can, and think I'm onto a few cards that do play into its strengths. In any case, all in all, Neon Dynasty looks great for Commander.

Real-world Flavor. Quotations from Poe’s tales and poems

Posted on by Francesco Spagnol

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Resignedly beneath the sky

The melancholy waters lie.

So blend the turrets and shadows there

That all seem pendulous in air,

While from a proud tower in town

Death looks gigantically down.

Edgar Allan Poe, The City in the Sea

This excerpt, from "The City in the Sea" by Edgar Allan Poe, is a classic of gothic fiction. Not only that, but it’s also the flavor text of Urborg, one of the most famous lands in Magic’s history. Interestingly, this poem has a few similarities with "Kubla Khan", which is why I have chosen it as a bridge between Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Poe. Both are among the most quoted English-speaking authors in Magic, and as we’ll see they share several common traits. So, let’s move from the UK to the US, and from the romanticism of Coleridge to the gothic horror of Poe.

Edgar Allan Poe

Five unique cards were printed with a quotation from American author Poe. That is, one less than Coleridge. Where Coleridge only appeared on cards from Alpha and Portal, Poe shows up in many different editions. He is quoted on cards from Alpha, Legends, Fifth Edition, and Eighth Edition. Let's examine these five cards in detail, and then draw some conclusions by comparing these first two English-speaking authors.

Frozen Shade

There are some qualities—some incorporate things,

That have a double life, which thus is made

A type of twin entity which springs

From matter and light, evinced in solid and shade.

We begin with one of the two cards from Limited Edition Alpha on which Poe appears. This one is a common black creature, with the typical creature class of "Shade." One of the most famous shade cards is Ihsan's Shade, although the best one from a power level perspective is probably Nantuko Shade, printed many years later. Even though it's underpowered by comparison, Frozen Shade is the archetype of this subtheme, exhibiting the typical "pump" effect characteristic to the class.

The poem quoted in the flavor text is "Silence" (1839), a short composition of 15 lines. Four lines from the beginning of the poem are directly quoted on Frozen Shade. The meter is hendecasyllabic, i.e., verses of eleven syllables each, and the poem deals with the opposition between the death of the body and that of the soul.

There is no evident reason to choose this quote for this card, apart from the presence of the word "shade" at the end of the fourth line. Nonetheless, it conveys a certain ominous aura that goes well with the first Shade ever in the game.

Phantom Monster

While, like a ghastly rapid river,

Through the pale door,

A hideous throng rush out forever,

And laugh—but smile no more.

The other card from Alpha with a Poe quote is a creature again. This time, it's a blue uncommon. Phantom Monster is a 3/3 Illusion (formerly Phantasm) with flying for the cost of four mana. It's the typical creature you'd be happy to play in your draft pool, nowadays, but apart from that nothing special.

The illustration by Jesper Myrfors (the original art director of Magic) depicts a weird-looking being, that as far as I'm concerned seems almost Lovecraftian. As for the flavor text, it quotes another poem by Poe, this time "The Haunted Palace". It's from the same year as "Silence", 1839, but with its nearly fifty lines it's a bit longer. In Frozen Shade it was the opening lines that were quoted, while in this case, it's the final four.

The poem deals with evil forces and the doom of a king living in a high palace. Most of it is described from the point of view of passers-by, assisting to the progressive damnation of the king and his palace. Just before the lines of flavor text, the poem mentions travelers seeing: "Vast forms that move fantastically / To a discordant melody"—another spooky bit evoking the formlessness of a "phantom" being.

Urborg

Resignedly beneath the sky

The melancholy waters lie.

So blend the turrets and shadows there

That all seem pendulous in air,

While from a proud tower in town

Death looks gigantically down.

Urborg is famously one of the regions with the highest concentration of black mana in Dominaria, the primary setting for the majority of early Magic sets (excluding Arabian Nights). While we get a demonstration of this fact from the more recent Urborg, Tomb of Yawgmoth, the original Urborg is much less impressive. Apart from tapping for black mana, as you'd expect, it lets you remove the ability of first strike or swampwalk from a target creature. A weirdly specific effect, and not one that saw much play.

On the other hand, this legendary land from the set Legends is great from an aesthetic perspective. The art by Bryon Wackwitz conjures a haunted palace surrounded by lava, with warm, violent colors such as purple and orange. The quotation comes from Poe's "The City in the Sea" (1845). The rhythm of this poem is that of tetrameter, consisting of four "feet" and thus four main accents. It's funny because this is actually the most common meter used in nursery rhymes, creating an uncanny effect when featured on such a dark card.

Marsh Viper

And the seraphs sob at vermin fangs

In human gore imbued.

With Marsh Viper we are moving forward a few years. A green creature first printed in The Dark (1994), Marsh Viper received this flavor text for its reprint in Fifth Edition (1997). The poem by Poe is "The Conqueror Worm" (1843). It is comprised of 40 lines concerning human mortality and the vanity of life.

The specific quotation used consists of two verses located approximately in the middle of the poem. It describes a play where human-like figures are hastening in vain about the stage until they get devoured by a monstrous "crawling shape." The closure of the poem reveals that the tragedy is called "Man" and the only true hero is the "Conqueror Worm," or death.

Once more, this shows us how the best cards from a lore perspective are often those with lower power levels. Marsh Viper is interesting because it's among the earliest cards mentioning poison counters, many years before Scars of Mirrodin. Apart from that, it doesn't see much play, and the greatness of its tragic flavor text gets perhaps even stronger on such a humble card.

Death Pits of Rath

Neither could I forget what I had read of these pits that the sudden extinction of life formed no part of their most horrible plan.

The last card we are analyzing today is Death Pits of Rath from Eighth Edition (2003). First printed in Tempest (1997), It wasn't until it was reprinted a few years later that it acquired this flavor text. It was kept for the Ninth Edition reprint two years later as well.

This black enchantment makes every creature that gets damaged die. It's a spectacular effect (as dramatic as it is unplayable), and the art shows another spectacular scene of horror. As for the quote, it comes from one of Poe's most famous tales, "The Pit and the Pendulum" (1842).

It's the first quotation we see of prose from Poe. The other four flavor texts were all verses taken from his poems. The quote plays with the concept of "sudden extinction of life," contextually implying that there is no interest here in killing people quickly, but rather in torturing them. Suitably, the quote puts us on the outside looking in, trying to comprehend a horrific force beyond our understanding.

Conclusions

To sum up, we can see a few parallels between the quotations by Coleridge and those of Poe. First, most of the cards that got a quote from one of these poets are black cards. That's not surprising, as both authors are known for their dark, eerie themes. Even when they appear on cards from other colors, there is always some kind of ominous or dark-themed quality. Think of the poison counters from Marsh Viper or the anti-swampwalk ability of Urborg.

Second, there is a strong tendency towards poetry over prose. Both Coleridge and Poe left many writings in prose, but on Magic cards, they got almost totally neglected. We will see in the course of the next articles whether this only happens with Poe and Coleridge or whether it is a wider trend across flavor texts as a whole.

As for their differences, at least when it comes to Magic, I see a slight shift. While Coleridge's quotes were commonly describing physical beings, such as rats or zombies, Poe's evoke more phantasmic entities, such as shades or illusions. What will other English-speaking authors have to offer? Stay tuned for the next installment where we'll explore other English-speaking authors quoted in Magic cards.

Return to Form: January ’22 Metagame Update

Posted on by David Ernenwein

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We are now firmly into the new year, so it's time for another metagame update. This one is arriving a little later than normal, but that's what happens when the month begins on a Tuesday. I just don't have time to gather and process the data and then complete the write up in 24 hours. And it's not like I'm missing anything major in the world of Magic by talking about this instead of any new development.

Modern has been in an odd state since last July. On the one hand, there has been considerable innovation, churn, and general change within Modern since the release of Modern Horizons 2. On the other, it has remained remarkably static: Hammer Time has held firmly onto the #1 spot in the metagame, with the same few decks hanging around Tier 1 as well. Will the new year yield a new metagame? Let's dive in and see!

January Metagame

To make the tier list, a given deck has to beat the overall average population for the month. The average is my estimate for how many results a given deck “should” produce on MTGO. Being a tiered deck requires being better than “good enough;” in January the average population was 6.88 setting the Tier 3 cutoff at 7 decks. Which is back where it's been for most of the past year.

Tier 3 begins with decks posting 7 results. Then we go one standard deviation above average to set the limit of Tier 3 and cutoff for Tier 2. The STdev was 12.52, which means that means Tier 3 runs to 20 results. Again, it's the starting point to the cutoff, then one above for the next Tier. The STdev was lower this month, though still on the high end of normal. Therefore Tier 2 starts with 21 results and runs to 34. Subsequently, to make Tier 1, 35 decks are required. Which, again, is on the high end of normal for post-MH2 Modern.

I should note that it will look like there are several outliers in January's data. But they are not in fact outliers. Rather, an unusual number of singleton decks in the data skewed the numbers. And even if the decks were outliers, removing them doesn't change anything about the tier list's composition, so the outliers wouldn't affect the conclusions.

The Tier Data

Total decks fell in January. This is not January's fault, however. Wizards failed to post the January 29 Challenge, and so there's a minor gap in the data. This happens periodically; I'm guessing the auto-updater bugs out. There were also almost no non-Wizards events in January. I have no idea why. As such, the data consists of 502 decks down from December's 528 decks. Had the missing Challenge been posted or there been more non-Wizards events, it would have beaten December easily.

The unique decks were up with 73 unique decks in January to December's 67, just over a third of which were singletons. I've had updates with more in total, but this is high percentage-wise. Not sure how that happened, but it is what it is. Consequently, the number of decks is also a bit up from December's low of 13 at 18, which is back in the normal range.

Deck NameTotal #Total %
Tier 1
Grixis Shadow6713.35
Hammer Time6011.95
4-Color Blink448.76
Tier 2
UR Murktide316.17
Cascade Crashers295.78
Burn275.38
Jund Saga244.78
Tier 3
Amulet Titan163.19
Belcher142.79
4-Color Control132.59
UW Control122.39
Mill112.19
Yawgmoth112.19
Mono-Green Tron101.99
Ponza81.59
Blue Living End81.59
Dredge81.59
4-Color Bring to Light71.39

I hope my into was taken as the foreshadowing it was, because Hammer Time has finally been dethroned... by 2017 boogeyman Grixis Shadow. The more things change, the more they stay the same. However, don't rejoice too loudly yet. I don't know if this is a real metagame shift or a hiccup. Grixis has a lot of nostalgia going for it, and that may be the reason it has dethroned Hammer Time after seven months.

Adjustments

Not to say that Grixis didn't do it on merit, mind. Dress Down is extremely powerful against Hammer Time and many other decks. To say nothing of old standby Kolaghan's Command's effectiveness. Add in discard's power against slow strategies and the fast pressure of Ragavan, Nimble Pilferer, and Grixis has game against the field.

There was an error retrieving a chart for Dress Down

Which may be why I'm seeing a lot of change within the other top decks. Some Hammer Time lists are dropping Sanctifier en-Vec from maindecks because it matches up so poorly against Dress Down. Instead, it's moving to more equipment like Nettlecyst and Kaldra Compleat, which means giving up Lurrus of the Dream-Den. Others are branching out into more colors. Red gives reach and Ragavan, black has discard and Dark Confidant, while blue gives Meddling Mage.

There was an error retrieving a chart for Sanctifier en-Vec

Meanwhile, 4-Color Omnath piles are continuing to evolve. The value blink version with Ephemerate was the most popular, but that was thanks to early-month dominance. By the end, the control version with extra counters and answers for Death's Shadow was the most played. I don't know if this will continue or was linked to a specific streamer's results. We'll all have to see.

Power Rankings

Tracking the metagame in terms of population is standard practice. But how do results actually factor in? Better decks should also have better results. In an effort to measure this, I use a power ranking system in addition to the prevalence list. By doing so, I measure the relative strengths of each deck within the metagame. The population method gives a deck that consistently just squeaks into Top 32 the same weight as one that Top 8’s. Using a power ranking rewards good results and moves the winningest decks to the top of the pile and better reflects its metagame potential.

Points are awarded based on the population of the event. Preliminaries award points for record (1 for 3 wins, 2 for 4 wins, 3 for 5) and Challenges are scored 3 points for Top 8, 2 for Top 16, 1 for Top 32. If I can find them, non-Wizards events will be awarded points the same as Challenges or Preliminaries are depending on what the event in question reports/behaves like. Super Qualifiers and similar higher-level events get an extra point and so do other events if they’re over 200 players, with a fifth point for going over 400 players. There were two 4 points events in October and no 5 pointers.

The Power Tiers

Unlike with population, the total points were down slightly in January, but would have easily beaten December if Wizards had posted the missing Challenge. There are 872 total points in January compared to December's 889. A single Challenge adds 56 points, for the record. There were a lot of very large Preliminaries in January which pushed up the points despite the number of events being down overall.

The average points were 11.94. Therefore 12 points makes Tier 3. The STDev was 21.95, which again is on the high end of normal. Thus add 22 to the starting point and Tier 3 runs to 34 points. Tier 2 starts with 35 points and runs to 57. Tier 1 requires at least 58 points. The number of decks making the power tiers was down from 18 to 16. Because Ponza and 4-Color Bring to Light just don't win events.

Deck NameTotal #Total %
Tier 1
Grixis Shadow11913.65
Hammer Time9911.35
4-Color Blink849.63
Tier 2
UR Murktide576.54
Cascade Crashers485.50
Burn445.05
Jund Saga374.24
Tier 3
Belcher283.21
UW Control273.10
Amulet Titan242.75
Mill242.75
4-Color Control222.52
Mono-Green Tron202.29
Yawgmoth161.83
Blue Living End131.49
Dredge131.49

It's unusual that the top tiers stay the same between population and power, but here we are. There's a lot of movement in Tier 3 and none in the other two. It makes sense as with fewer overall results the effect of a few good placings will be exaggerated. Belcher being at the top of Tier 3 is important because the deck is very well positioned, and I'm surprised it's not more popular online. In a metagame this fair and warped around beating fair decks, you'd think the extremely unfair deck would be the right metagame call. I don't know why that isn't happening.

Average Power Rankings

Finally, we come to the average power rankings. These are found by taking total points earned and dividing it by total decks, which measures points per deck. I use this to measure strength vs. popularity. Measuring deck strength is hard. There is no Wins-Above-Replacement metric for Magic, and I'm not certain that one could be credibly devised. The game is too complex, and even then, power is very contextual. Using the power rankings certainly helps and serves to show how justified a deck’s popularity is. However, more popular decks will still necessarily earn a lot of points. Which tracks, but also means that the top tier doesn't move much between population and power, and obscures whether they really earned their position.

There was an error retrieving a chart for Ragavan, Nimble Pilferer

This is where the averaging comes in. Decks that earn a lot of points because they get a lot of results will do worse than decks that win more events, indicating which deck actually performs better. A higher average indicates lots of high finishes, where low averages result from mediocre performances and high population. Lower-tier decks typically do very well here, likely due to their pilots being enthusiasts. So be careful about reading too much into the results. However, as a general rule decks which place above the baseline average are overperforming and vice versa. How far above or below that average determines how "justified" a decks position on the power tiers are. Decks well above baseline are therefore undervalued while decks well below baseline are very popular but aren't necessarily good.

The Real Story

When considering the average points, the key is looking at how far-off a deck is from the Baseline stat (the overall average of points/population). The closer a deck’s performance to the Baseline, the more likely it is to be performing close to its “true” potential. A deck that is exactly average would therefore perform exactly as well as expected. The further away the greater the deviation from average, the more a deck under- or over-performs. On the low end, the deck’s placing was mainly due to population rather than power, which suggests it’s overrated. A high-scoring deck is the opposite.

Deck NameAverage PointsPower Tier
UW Control2.253
Mill2.183
Belcher2.003
Mono-Green Tron2.003
4-Color Blink1.911
UR Murktide1.842
Grixis Shadow1.771
Baseline1.74
4-Color Control1.693
Hammer Time1.651
Cascade Crashers1.652
Burn1.632
Blue Living End1.623
Dredge1.623
Jund Saga1.542
Amulet Titan1.503
Yawgmoth1.453

Congratulations to 4-Color Blink, the best performing high tier deck and therefore the best deck of January 2022! It's interesting though instructive that Grixis Shadow was right at baseline, indicating it's performing as expected while Hammer is well below. Not that Hammer's average points have been anything special for a while now. I'd also expect a deck undergoing a redesign to underperform. It isn't fully optimized anymore, how is it going to dominate?

On that note, the baseline is quite high by the standards of the past few months. This is not an indication of a shift in the winds but rather the result of a quirk from all the singletons. For some reason, they did very well in a number of Challenges Super Qualifiers and having multiple 3+ point winners skewed the average higher.

Paper's Back

Normally, that would be the end of the metagame update. However, clearly that's not the case, and that's because I have a promise to keep. In the December update, I announced that paper would be returning to the data, and it has. You may rejoice!

There was an error retrieving a chart for Omnath, Locus of Creation

Now cease rejoicing, because this will be underwhelming. There's not a lot of data to work with for paper. I can only work with results that get reported, and the only place that has said reports is MTGTop8.com. Over there, nearly every event is reported as just a Top 8, and sometimes even less data is given per event. The data is therefore extremely lacking in granularity or dynamism. Additionally, not every store that is running usable events is posting so my results reflect a few major stores more than any other. Specifically, Hareruya is responsible for about a third of the data. Keep that in mind as I report the data, and if anyone knows of other sources, please let me know. I'm mildly desperate.

The Paper Metagame

There were 293 total paper decks posted in January, which is roughly 3/5's of the online metagame. As such, the data is less robust and reliable. It is what is it is, and an analyst must work with the available data. Given that almost all the results were just Top 8 results (and many were less) and also didn't the number of players or final records, I'm not doing a power metagame. I don't have enough information to assign points, so even if I did one, it would not look sufficiently different to population justify the effort.

However, this data is significant for backing up a long-held belief. Despite having significantly fewer results than the online results, the paper metagame consists of 66 unique decks, just 7 less than online. It has always been assumed that paper is more diverse than online, and this data backs up the assumption. We'll see if further results corroborate these ones and prove the belief true. That said, only 15 decks made the paper Tiers. Again, lots of singletons in the data set.

Deck NameTotal #Total %
Tier 1
Grixis Shadow289.56
Burn217.17
Hammer Time206.83
4-Color Blink206.83
Tier 2
Amulet Titan155.12
UW Control155.12
UR Murktide144.78
Tier 3
Cascade Crashers113.75
Blue Living End103.41
Jund Saga72.39
Yawgmoth72.39
Mono-Green Tron62.05
Eldrazi Tron62.05
Ponza51.71
Humans51.71

Of course, for all that, Paper Tier 1 looks extremely similar to Online Tier 1. Burn being more popular in paper was a huge surprise. The assumption has always been it's overrepresented online, but that appears to be untrue. In fact, the overall composition of these tiers is quite similar to online's tiers. I have no idea if this is normal or not.

Composite Metagame

At would logically follow to combine the two lists into one. It is what we did in the old days. However, that's not going to work. The math the old system used doesn't work without major paper events. Maybe when Wizards gets Organized Play back together that will change but for now, I can't use it. I can't just combine the two because the online results vastly outweigh paper and will obscure the "true" result. So for now, I'm just going to report their average Tier. This reflects the differences between paper and online play sufficiently well to demonstrate the relative power of decks and the differences between paper and online.

Deck NameOnline Population TierPaper Population TierAggregate Tier
Tier 1
Grixis Shadow111
Hammer Time111
4-Color Blink111
Burn211.5
Tier 2
UR Murktide222
Cascade Crashers232.5
Jund Saga232.5
Amulet Titan322.5
UW Control322.5
Tier 3
Yawgmoth333
Mono-Green Tron333
Ponza333
Blue Living End333
Belcher3N/A3.5
4-Color Control3N/A3.5
Mill3N/A3.5
Dredge3N/A3.5
4-Color Bring to Light3N/A3.5
Eldrazi TronN/A33.5
HumansN/A33.5

Unsurprisingly, the best decks from online are still solidly Tier 1 in aggregate. Burn moves up by a half tier, reflecting that it's #2 overall in paper but Tier 2 online. Those decks that didn't show up on one list but did the other get an N/A, which is treated like a 4 for math purposes.

Just the Beginning

I've got a lot of bugs to work out with the paper results. I didn't really know what I'd have, and so failed to make solid plans prior to gathering the data. If anyone has advice, I'm all ears, but until then, this is the metagame we faced in January. And may still be facing next time. We have to wait and see.

Kamigawa: Neon Dynasty’s Modern Upgrades

Posted on by Adam Cohen

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Modern is a diverse and powerful format featuring a myriad of existing synergies that are not easily upgraded or replaced. A typical premier set might only offer one or two cards strong enough to trickle into Modern. Recent sets like Innistrad: Midnight Hunt and Innistrad: Crimson Vow were on the lower end of the power scale, meaning nothing there proved strong enough to enter older formats.

Kamigawa: Neon Dynasty represents a departure from this trend. We've received a host of new and flexible cards thanks to the returning Channel mechanic, cost reducers, and card advantage engines, all designs which tend to flourish in Modern. Today, we'll highlight the decks poised to receive the biggest improvement.

Stoneblade

NEO introduces a new take on Equipment cards with artifact creatures that can reconfigure into creature buffers. These creatures, with few exceptions, bestow their abilities onto the creature they're attached to. One of the struggles for Equipment is that they require creatures in play to do anything, and you only have so many slots in a deck: too many Equipment cards will eat away at your creature density and increase the risk of not having anything to carry your artifacts into battle. Similar to living weapon cards like Batterskull, these new Equipment creatures offer the best of both worlds, buffing creatures without cutting back the total creature count.

Most importantly, the new Equipment creatures are all tutorable with cards like Stoneforge Mystic and Steelshaper's Gift, opening up the toolbox considerably. Lion Sash in particular offers new ways to combat graveyard strategies like Dredge and disrupt decks like UR Murktide that incidentally get value from their graveyard. The Reality Chip provides a potential Future Sight-style card advantage engine that works with Lurrus of the Dream-Den strategies.

Looking beyond Lurrus compatibility, Kamigawa also contains a fixed Tinker in Anchor to Reality, which can find any Vehicle or Equipment. The best payoff available at the time of writing is Kaldra Compleat, an indestructible, haste, and trample threat that's only held back by its seven mana casting cost and Stoneforge Mystic's summoning sickness. At four mana, Anchor provides a substantial discount for Kaldra, and can leave opponents without any outs.

Jeskai Stoneblade

Creatures

4 Stoneforge Mystic
4 Esper Sentinel
4 Fervent Champion
4 Ragavan, Nimble Pilferer
4 Ranger-Captain of Eos
4 Solitude

Artifacts

1 Lion Sash
1 Maul of the Skyclaves
1 Kaldra Compleat
1 Batterskull
2 Sword of Fire and Ice

Spells

2 Prismatic Ending
2 Anchor to Reality

Planeswalkers

3 Teferi, Time Raveler
1 Jace, the Mind Sculptor

Lands

1 Castle Ardenvale
1 Hallowed Fountain
1 Seachrome Coast
1 Island
1 Mountain
1 Steam Vents
2 Sacred Foundry
2 Plains
2 Scalding Tarn
3 Inspiring Vantage
3 Flooded Strand
4 Arid Mesa

Sideboard

1 Sword of Feast and Famine
1 Giant Killer
2 Burrenton Forge-Tender
2 Prismatic Ending
2 Rest in Peace
4 Dovin's Veto
2 Path to Exile
1 Jace, the Mind Sculptor

HollowVine

HollowVine is an older archetype that thrived in Modern prior to the Faithless Looting ban in 2019. It utilized cheap red draw-and-discard effects like Burning Inquiry to power through its deck and pick up value from Madness cards and other discard or graveyard-matters effects such as Fiery Temper, Flameblade Adept, and Vengevine. Without Looting, though, the deck struggled to have the card selection needed to consistently execute its game plan without whiffing.

Hope may not be lost! In the new set, HollowVine picks up an innocuous but powerful addition in the form of Containment Construct. This two-drop creature allows pilots to play anything they discard until the end of the turn. We previously saw an effect like this in Strixhaven with Conspiracy Theorist, but that only got back one card per instance of discard, and didn't affect lands.

Construct turns Burning Inquiry into a potential draw four for a single mana while also (sometimes) disrupting opponents. Unintentionally discarding Hollow Ones used to be a major risk for the deck, but Construct sidesteps that altogether. Combining this shell with the Madness support from Modern Horizons 2 like Asmoranomardicadaistinaculdacar and The Underworld Cookbook may breathe new life into this fan-favorite deck.

HollowVine

Creatures

2 Ox of Agonas
4 Blazing Rootwalla
4 Insolent Neonate
4 Flameblade Adept
4 Vengevine
4 Hollow One
2 Street Wraith
4 Containment Construct
4 Asmoranomardicadaistinaculdacar

Artifacts

3 The Underworld Cookbook

Spells

4 Burning Inquiry
4 Goblin Lore

Lands

1 Scalding Tarn
1 Arid Mesa
1 Shinka, the Bloodsoaked Keep
2 Bloodstained Mire
3 Stomping Ground
4 Copperline Gorge
4 Mountain
1 Sokenzan, Crucible of Defiance

Sideboard

2 Alpine Moon
1 Lightning Bolt
2 Fury
1 Foundation Breaker
2 Chalice of the Void
2 Blood Moon
3 Ancient Grudge
2 Soul-Guide Lantern

Cascade

The third and final archetype I'll mention has perhaps the most subtle of changes, but perhaps also the most critical. Cascade encompasses three main shells in Modern: Crashing Footfalls, Living End and Glimpse of Tomorrow. Each of these attempt to cast their uncosted suspend spells via Violent Outburst and Shardless Agent, planting them firmly in Temur colors. The main way to counteract these strategies is to keep their build-around suspend card from resolving, most commonly through Chalice of the Void and Teferi, Time Raveler.

The deckbuilding requirement for Cascade requires the player to only include spells with mana value 3 or greater so they can always cascade into their intended target. This condition limits the variety of cards they can include to interact and protect their combo to things like cost-reduction mechanics or alternate casting costs like Brazen Borrower // Petty Theft and Force of Vigor.

Kamigawa: Neon Dynasty introduces a cycle of untapped lands with Channel, an activated ability that lets you discard at instant speed for a multitude of effects. Notably, these are abilities and not spells, which means they can't be countered by normal means and aren't affected by Teferi's timing restrictions. The green land of the cycle, Boseiju, Who Endures, destroys Chalice at an efficient rate on curve. Meanwhile, the blue land, Otawara, Soaring City can temporarily bounce either Chalice or Teferi (and a wide range of other relevant card types) to sneak in a cascade spell. Typically, resolving just one suspend spell wins the game.

These two cards are such a big upgrade because there's virtually no opportunity cost. Since they are lands, the deck's spell density just increases for free. And because they enter untapped, no tempo is lost if the lands are played for mana. In matchups where Teferi and Chalice aren't relevant, these function as additional "spells" in the event of mana flood. They simply raise the deck's floor against bad matchups without needing to give up percentage points for anything else. You can bet I'll be playing a lot more Cascade in the coming weeks thanks to this change, even though the "channelands" stand to improve most Modern decks by some measure.

Temur Rhinos

Creatures

3 Fury
2 Seasoned Pyromancer
4 Shardless Agent
2 Bonecrusher Giant // Stomp
4 Brazen Borrower // Petty Theft

Enchantments

3 Blood Moon

Spells

4 Crashing Footfalls
1 Dead // Gone
4 Fire // Ice
4 Force of Negation
1 Valakut Awakening // Valakut Stoneforge
4 Violent Outburst

Lands

2 Forest
1 Breeding Pool
1 Gemstone Caverns
2 Island
1 Ketria Triome
4 Misty Rainforest
1 Mountain
4 Scalding Tarn
1 Steam Vents
1 Stomping Ground
4 Wooded Foothills
1 Boseiju, Who Endures
1 Otawara, Soaring City

Sideboard

1 Blood Moon
2 Bonecrusher Giant
1 Dead // Gone
3 Endurance
3 Force of Vigor
1 Fury
4 Mystical Dispute

End Step

These are the archetypes that I believe have gained the most from this new, high-powered set and I cannot wait to give them a whirl. What cards are you most looking forward to? Leave a comment below to share your thoughts or tweet me at @AdamECohen. Catch you next week!

An Ode to The Dark

Posted on by Sigmund Ausfresser

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Out of the Four Horsemen sets (Arabian Nights, Legends, Antiquities, and The Dark), The Dark has got to be the most under-appreciated. The small expansion set released in August 1994 is often overlooked as being extremely underpowered relative to contemporary sets.

In all honesty, that’s probably a fair assessment of the set’s power level. Other than Blood Moon, are there any other cards from the set that see tournament play?

There was an error retrieving a chart for Blood Moon

I know Ball Lightning used to be a house back in the day, but it has since fallen out of favor. Maze of Ith is played in some Legacy Lands builds, so that one is still relevant. Anything else? Not really.

This week I am going to shine the light on some of the good, bad, and ugly from this oft-forgotten expansion from Magic's history. If you’re an Old School expert, you’ll appreciate the shout-outs to some cards you wish saw more play. If you’re a newer player and are unfamiliar with this set, get ready for a strange and wild ride—The Dark has so much flavor quirkiness to offer that you’ll be looking up these cards yourself just to confirm I’m not making them up.

Believe me, these are all real.

The Good

The most valuable card in The Dark isn’t even Blood Moon. Instead, it’s a Reserved List goblin creature card that sneaks additional goblins into play. Goblin Wizard’s casting cost is prohibitively high given the fact that you can only use it to cheat in goblin creatures, which are underwhelming to begin with. But it’s still a unique and powerful ability worth acknowledging. I guess it’s good with some of the more recent, more powerful goblins in Magic.

There was an error retrieving a chart for Goblin Wizard

The next most valuable card from The Dark after Goblin Wizard and Blood Moon is City of Shadows, which is approaching $100.

There was an error retrieving a chart for City of Shadows

Don’t get me wrong, I love the artwork (a common theme for me with The Dark), but exiling creatures to ramp colorless mana isn’t my idea of a busted ability. I suppose it’s handy if your creatures are about to be killed anyway, but I can’t help but suspect being a Reserved List card from an old set has something to do with this card’s price tag.

Let’s get into a subset of cards from The Dark that all violate the color pie, starting with Preacher.

There was an error retrieving a chart for Preacher

Here we have a white card that can repeatedly take control of opponents’ creatures. Typically this is a blue (or in a stretch, a black) effect. There aren’t many white Magic cards that boast this ability.

Next, let’s say you want to destroy a bunch of lands—what color comes to mind? If you guessed red because of Stone Rain, you win first prize. If you guessed black (Sinkhole), green (Ice Storm), or white (Armageddon), you get bonus points for thinking outside the box. But how many people think of blue when they consider land destruction cards? Introducing Mana Vortex:

There was an error retrieving a chart for Mana Vortex

This blue enchantment will destroy land after land
 not just forests like Acid Rain, we’re talking any lands. I’m not sure how potent the card is in a game, but the utility is not what is driving this card’s price up near $50.

Speaking of blue receiving abilities that normally don’t exist within its color, check out Mind Bomb, the sorcery speed discard/direct damage spell.

Then you have other quirks like direct damage in white via Fire and Brimstone, toughness reduction in white with Holy Light, and additional blue land destruction with Erosion. The color pie was not so holy back in 1994, I guess.

Oh, and let’s not forget about the white spell that exiles all white creatures for just two mana! Sound oddly powerful? Well, for consolation, each creature exiled this way does get to draw a card. This seems like a breakable card though, in the right build. Say hello to Martyr's Cry, a strange card from The Dark with disturbing artwork.

There was an error retrieving a chart for Martyr's Cry

Lastly, let’s not forget Fellwar Stone, a nearly $20 mana rock originally printed in The Dark with some real utility. In a multiplayer game of Commander, Fellwar Stone is likely to generate any color of mana you need.

The Bad

There are many underwhelming cards in The Dark with surprisingly high values. Hidden Path comes to mind, a green enchantment that grants all green creatures forestwalk.

There was an error retrieving a chart for Hidden Path

If you’re playing a green enchantment with four green mana symbols in its mana cost, chances are you’ll have forests in play. If your opponents are also playing green, you’d better have more green creatures out than they do or else you’ll get walked all over. And if they aren’t playing green then what good is giving them forestwalk?

Giving your opponent choices is traditionally a weakening effect on a Magic card. Ideally, you give your opponent as few options as possible throughout a game. So Cleansing isn’t the ideal card to use to destroy lands, especially since paying a few life to keep the most important lands doesn’t seem like a steep cost.

There was an error retrieving a chart for Cleansing

Worms of the Earth also gives opponents a choice. In fact, they have multiple options: stop playing lands, pay five life, or sacrifice two lands. Considering its effect is symmetric, I’m not sure what the upside is to paying five mana for this enchantment (not to mention paying $10 to buy the card!).

Scarwood Bandits is another card that gives your opponent choices. Being able to gain control of an artifact is powerful, but your opponent has the option of paying two mana to prevent the ability from taking effect. This is another one of those random The Dark Reserved List cards worth $10.

Lastly, I’ve already mentioned Mind Bomb for breaking the color pie, but it also fits in this section too because it gives your opponent the option to discard cards or take damage. The symmetric nature of this card makes it especially underwhelming unless you want to discard cards.

The Ugly

This section is going to be my favorite. There are many cards in The Dark with disturbing art. It’s kind of the set’s theme, after all. Don’t expect to find many cute bear cubs, shining angels or paladins, or adorable squirrels in this set. Instead, let’s see some of the more hideously awesome pieces of artwork from this set.

Because there are so many, I’m going to minimize commentary on each card so I can touch upon them all. Let’s start with Eater of the Dead because the creature’s name and art are disturbing. Look closely at the picture—how many eyes does this creature have?

There was an error retrieving a chart for Eater of the Dead

Next, there’s Frankenstein's Monster. I like this card for its reference to a real-life story and I like it twice over because its reference is historically correct. Many people refer to the monster of Mary Shelly’s work as “Frankenstein” but the reality is that was the doctor’s name and the monster was
 well, Frankenstein’s monster.

There was an error retrieving a chart for Frankenstein's Monster

One of my favorite pieces of art from The Dark has to be Drew Tucker’s Exorcist. Not only is the concept of an “Exorcist” card really cool, but I love the dark abstraction this artwork evokes.

There was an error retrieving a chart for Exorcist

Worms of the Earth is a disturbing mental image. How about Psychic Allergy? I don’t know what a psychic allergy is, but if it affects an individual as depicted in the card’s artwork, then remind me to avoid such a thing at all costs.

Grave Robbers is a disturbing thought, and the artwork does the concept justice. How these two guys sleep at night given their dark hobby is beyond me.

There was an error retrieving a chart for Grave Robbers

Then there’s a trio of creatures I would never want to see at my doorstep on any given night: Banshee, Rag Man, and The Fallen. Which of these three creatures is most frightening to you? Personally, I think The Fallen is the worst—that smile is just so unsettling.

Then there’s Amnesia, whose artwork is so disgusting that I refuse to keep a copy of the card. Every time I pick one up, I ask myself what pleasure I can possibly glean from such a card. As my mind draws a blank, I add it to the buylist pile.

Even something that could be innately innocent is given a dark spin in this set. Check out the artwork for Scarecrow. The creature looks nothing like the modern-day Scarecrows we are used to seeing in Magic. The original looks so much more sinister.

How about Blood of the Martyr, another favorite of mine from The Dark.

There was an error retrieving a chart for Blood of the Martyr

This card isn’t on the Reserved List and isn’t all that playable, yet it is still worth a solid buck or so. I’d like to think that’s because of the cool art.

Last but not least, there’s Scarwood Hag which looks
 well, it looks how a hag should look like from the era of The Dark.

Wrapping It Up

This article just scratched the surface of what The Dark has to offer from a value and aesthetic standpoint. In my modest collection, I have a smattering of cards from each of the Four Horsemen sets. My section on The Dark may be the least valuable of the four, but it definitely isn’t the least interesting. There are so many strange, dark, and quirky cards from this set that I want to own in my collection simply for these reasons alone.

And I didn’t even mention a couple of other favorites of mine. Season of the Witch is a dark and disturbing piece of art on a $30 card. Necropolis has a beautiful piece of art too, even though I couldn’t recite to you from memory what the card actually does. The list goes on and on.

If you have an appreciation for top-down Magic set design, where flavor takes the driver’s seat, then The Dark is for you. You’ll not find cards to help you win competitive games of Magic, but you’ll definitely earn multiple double-takes from your friends when you start casting some of these off-the-wall cards.

Just be prepared to a) lookup rules text in Gatherer, b) wait patiently while your opponents read the cards, and c) remind your opponents that they may have multiple choices and that the cards also impact you as well. As long as you can tolerate all three of these side effects, then The Dark is definitely a set worth shopping for the next time you’re looking to fill out a shopping cart.

Avatar photo

Sigmund Ausfresser

Sigmund first started playing Magic when Visions was the newest set, back in 1997. Things were simpler back then. After playing casual Magic for about ten years, he tried his hand at competitive play. It took about two years before Sigmund starting taking down drafts. Since then, he moved his focus towards Legacy and MTG finance. Now that he's married and works full-time, Sigmund enjoys the game by reading up on trends and using this knowledge in buying/selling cards.

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Terr Up the Playbook: Brewing RUG Saga

Posted on by Jordan Boisvert

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In Unmuddle Modern with Pillar Thinking, I proposed a theory about how five cards—Lurrus of the Dream-Den, Omnath, Locus of Creation, Expressive Iteration, Urza's Saga, and Ragavan, Nimble Pilferer—seemed to be dominating the Modern metagame. Indeed, the top decks leading into 2022 all ran not one, but two of these pillar cards. We closed things off by mentioning how Grixis Shadow and Jund Saga each employ three pillars, discussed the pros and cons to each list, and hinted at the possibility of designing decks top-down to include as many pillars as possible.

I've been doing just that, and with Kamigawa: Neon Dynasty spoilers well underway, my brewing bone (you know the one) has been especially stimulated of late. Today, I'll unveil my latest brew, which not only features the maximum amount of possible pillar cards but gets the most from some brand new tech out of NEO.

The Joy of Flexible Answers

The latest card to firmly grab my attention is Boseiju, Who Endures. This legendary land has pundits like StarCityGames's Dom Harvey claiming every format is about to be warped around it. While I might not drop the w-bomb, I do agree the land provides a huge amount of utility and is sure to become a ubiquitous constructed staple.

Truth be told, this whole cycle of channeling pseudo-basics (Channelands?) is great for Modern deckbuilding. It incentivizes players to reel in their manabases and craft decks that don't get too greedy with fetches and shocks, something there simply isn't much an incentive to do currently (explaining Burn's constant status as a top deck despite its eschewing of format pillars). But Boseiju specifically is great for Modern health in the same way as Fatal Push, which ended up making plenty more creatures playable, and Prismatic Ending, which helps players not "just lose" to random permanents like Solemnity.

Since the format's inception, it's been starved for cheap, flexible answers to proactive plays from across the table, pushing Lightning Bolt to around and above 50% usage. The problem was so pronounced early on in Modern's lifespan that I was stealing games with Isochron Scepter; once upon a time, we didn't even have Kolaghan's Command, and the only way to deal with this card was to naturally draw Maelstrom Pulse!

Wizards has done well in responding to this crisis over the last few years, not only with the Modern Horizons sets but with Standard entries like Abrade. Well, Boseiju is Abrade on crack. Here's a main-playable, can't-be-countered Naturalize that also doubles as a sort of Field of Ruin against players looking to do something unfair with their lands and is, at very worst, an unfetchable Forest.

I just love this kind of broadly applicable design. But I also knew I couldn't simply jam Boseiju into the deck I've been spending the most time on lately, which is an updated build of Counter-Cat that also respects the pillars. When you've got domains to tend and Wild Nacatls to raise, unfetchable Forest is a floor you might not feel like sitting on.

Finding a Core

So I set off on a quest to figure out a 60-card pile that a) made great use of Boseiju and b) I genuinely liked playing. Deciding on a core was easy. I wouldn't be caught dead not playing red right now; not only is Lightning Bolt the best card in Modern, I stand by my claim that Ragavan, Nimble Pilferer is the best creature of all time, and it's no secret that Tarmogoyf is my personal favorite. Finally, the color unlocks Wrenn and Six, a superb compliment to Boseiju. With Wrenn in the picture, we can reuse the Channel effect at will to totally dominate anyone relying on artifacts, enchantments, or nonbasic lands.

Early Draft: Naya Boseiju

As for filling out the list, I found myself with a slew of options. I very much appreciate the pushed Delver of Secrets that is Dragon's Rage Channeler, a route which included Mishra's Bauble and Unholy Heat. Same deal for Expressive Iteration, a card that I agree with Adam would be favored by Izzet mages even over Preordain if my prayers for its unban were ever answered (Earth to Wizards...). But Iteration would require dipping into blue and potentially make that Boseiju we'd love to use as a land drop a lot worse.

Then there's black and white, my least favorite colors, but ones which enable the all-important Lurrus pillar. As we know from Jund Saga, using Lurrus to return massive Goyfs and Wrenns in your land-synergy deck is some heat. Black seemed a bit obvious; of course Jund Saga will be running Boseiju. I'm not here to recreate that deck! So I looked instead to white, which features among other things Prismatic Ending, Esper Sentinel, and Leonin Arbiter. And if we're going with the Arbiter plan, it only made sense to double up on excellent land disruption with Cleasing Wildfire.

Naya Boseiju, by Jordan Boisvert

Creatures

4 Leonin Arbiter
4 Esper Sentinel
4 Ragavan, Nimble Pilferer
4 Tarmogoyf

Planeswalkers

4 Wrenn and Six

Artifacts

1 Shadowspear
1 Pyrite Spellbomb

Instants

4 Path to Exile

Sorceries

4 Cleansing Wildfire

Companion

1 Lurrus of the Dream-Den

Lands

4 Urza's Saga
4 Boseiju, Who Endures
4 Ghost Quarter
4 Flagstones of Trokair
4 Wooded Foothills
4 Copperline Gorge
1 Stomping Ground
1 Temple Garden
1 Sacred Foundry
1 Plains
1 Mountain
1 Forest

Arbiter combines with Boseiju, Wildfire, Quarter, and Path to attack enemy mana while preventing them from searching up lands. I took a page out of the Jeskai Control handbook with Flagstones of Trokair, something we can target with Wildfire for a cantripping rampant growth effect. Esper Sentinel helps protect Arbiter and Ragavan, plus it grows Goyf. The 1/1 isn't so impressive by itself, so I added the Urza's Saga engine to take extra advantage of its artifact status. Shortly after suggesting a top-down Naya Saga build in my last article, a deck just like that went 5-0 in a league. I was anxious to try something similar myself.

I actually did put this together and run some tests. Arbiter yielded some nutty draws, as it can alongside Ghost Quarter and similar effects. But man, is it a terrible card! Without support it's a literal Grizzly Bears. And without Arbiter, the cards we run to support the Cat Cleric become underwhelming.

Then there was tension between Arbiter and my other components. We need fetchlands for Wrenn, and would be foolish to pass up the benefits of Saga; Arbiter, though, forces us to pay for our searches, hampering both. Finally, Sentinel proved a bit anemic even with the Saga engine. It's simply Bad at Combat, something my own prejudices prevent me from excusing in a Stage 1 creature.

Gotta Go Fast!

On the bright side, the good cards were good. Ragavan was good. Saga was good. Lurrus was good. Wrenn was good. And Boseiju was good! So I had a Great Idea: instead of playing bad cards like Leonin Arbiter, why not fill the deck with good cards?

In went Channeler, Heat, and Bauble. I was now GR splashing white for Lurrus, and even started with under 60 cards while goldfishing to get a sense of what else I needed. I kept the Flagstones and Wildfire, which led me to an important realization: how critical that two-mana draw-a-card sorcery was for enabling DRC. Gotta get those mills, man! Still, I wished this sorcery would give me even more velocity. So in went Manamorphose. Sure, it's air, but in the velocity-focused world of today's Modern, who among us isn't a bit starved for oxygen?

Between the "free" instant and Bauble, Channeler was getting even better, but I would sometimes find myself in topdeck mode with nowhere to go. An older build of Counter-Cat ran Light Up the Stage; that was the kind of card I needed here, but I wasn't attacking enough to justify sleeving it up. In went... draft all-star Reckless Impulse!

Finding myself lacking beaters, I fell back on the Saga plan and trimmed Flagstones-Wildfire entirely. That meant just going GR, although since there still weren't any permanent cards with mana value 3 or more I wanted to run in the main, I opted to keep Lurrus in the sideboard and just cast it off Manamorphose when I happened to have the instant handy.

It only took a few games with this deck to fully grasp just how much worse Impulse is than Iteration. (Spoiler: unquantifiably.) But another thing I realized is that I often had access to Manamorphose when I needed to cast Lurrus or even Impulse itself. Why couldn't I lean on the instant a bit harder and splash blue for the better cantrip, in addition to using Manamorphose for Lurrus? Bilbo mode: why shouldn't I?

RUG You the Right Way

Easy, Bilbo. That's just getting greedy. I even said a couple weeks ago that you'd be hard-pressed to encounter a deck running Saga with Iteration because of the latter's stringent color requirements. That's okay, though; it's just brewing! Why even bother if not to break the rules we know so well? And need I remind old-school Modern players just how easy it is for RUG to splash? It's always been the three-color combination voted most likely to run Blood Moon out of the side.

VoilĂ . But there's still the Lurrus obstacle. That's what made my thought so greedy in the first place. I've got a solution for that, too. Bulk buyers, rejoice!

There was an error retrieving a chart for Terrarion

Repeat after me: Terrarion is not a bad card. Who am I trying to convince? Why you, of course! So here's 200 words in defense of the trinket.

  1. Saga tutors it. To wit, Terrarion is the glue that holds the pillars together. When you need it to, completing the Saga finds you a Manamorphose, essentially linking the colorless-producing Enchantment Land to the color-demanding Iteraetion and Lurrus.
  2. It replaces itself on sacrifice. The artifact isn't exactly a cantrip, which is why we'd never run more than one. But as a draw-a-card effect to find off Saga, it's more or less on par with the slow-tripping Mishra's Bauble. Terrarion enters tapped, but once it untaps, we get the card right away instead of having to wait until the next turn's upkeep. That promise of immediacy has its own benefits when it comes to library manipulation like the surveil from DRC and peeks from Bauble itself (i.e. check your top card somehow, decide it's a card you want this turn, and immediately cash in Terrarion for it).
  3. You can cast Terrarion from hand with a spare mana or a fresh Saga, so drawing it isn't the end of the world. In that case, it's a lot like a slightly clunky 5th copy ofManamorphose, which is still pretty passable when it can only happen at most once per game.
  4. Terrarion isn't only limited to Lurrus. Just as we use Manamorphose to play Wrenn or Iteration off a Boseiju and a Saga or good ol' off-color basic lands, Terrarion too enables these color-intensive plays. We can always draw into Manamorphose down the road if the idea is to cast Lurrus later.
  5. In a pinch, Terrarion just cycles into something else. Sometimes you really need, say, removal, and then we can trade it in for whatever's on top of the deck.

Final Draft: RUG Saga

Behold, the deck contained within a tiny jar:

RUG Saga, by Jordan Boisvert

Creatures

4 Dragon's Rage Channeler
4 Ragavan, Nimble Pilferer
4 Tarmogoyf
1 Snapcaster Mage

Planeswalkers

4 Wrenn and Six

Artifacts

4 Mishra's Bauble
1 Shadowspear
1 Pyrite Spellbomb
1 Terrarion

Instants

4 Manamorphose
4 Unholy Heat
2 Lightning Bolt

Sorceries

4 Expressive Iteration

Companion

1 Lurrus of the Dream-Den

Lands

4 Urza's Saga
2 Boseiju, Who Endures
4 Wooded Foothills
4 Scalding Tarn
2 Stomping Ground
1 Steam Vents
1 Breeding Pool
2 Mountain
1 Forest
1 Island

I really like the upside of 1 Snapcaster Mage in this deck. It recasts all our important spells, and we have no problem making our land drops with 4 Wrenn. Snap's especially nasty with Lurrus, since we can cast it multiple times.

As far as how the deck plays, the gameplan is to deploy engines one at a time in the order that best supports the threats we've drawn. Let opponents totally deal with an engine (for instance, slog through a pair of Construct tokens), then deploy another one (cast EI, recur Saga with Wrenn, or slam Lurrus). This way, we can grind them out all while applying consistent pressure in the air with DRC, in the red zone with Goyf and big Constructs, or via the Splinter Twin effect with Ragavan.

Elephant in the room: the final product's striking resemblance to Jund Saga. Didn't we just say I'm not looking to recreate that deck? I mean, let's face facts; same beaters, same red removal. Same planeswalker. Why play Terrarion.dec over what's been a consistent high-performer since Modern Horizons 2? I'll answer that question with another one:

The year is 2022. We're getting an untapped land that elegantly deals with artifacts, enchantments, and nonbasics—you know, the kind of stuff that spooks you into packing Thoughtseize and two-mana removal spells. With card quality trending upwards, the format's most defining spells are those that cheaply put you up on cards. Would you rather be casting these...

...or this?

There was an error retrieving a chart for Expressive Iteration

Time to liquidate those clunky Kolaghan's Commands!

Pour Out the Baubly

Between its maximum pillar density, wealth of spells I love slinging, and access to permission from the sideboard, I'm very excited about RUG Saga's prospects in Modern. I also wonder if Terrarion is worth trying out in a four-color shell swapping Lurrus for Modern's final pillar, Omnath, Locus of Creation.

As the 61 proposed above represents the first time four Modern pillars have come together, Omnath and Saga have never featured in the same deck before. But the fixing power of Manamorphose and Terrarion must be seen to be believed. I'm way less excited about turning Noble Hierarch sideways than I am Channeler, though, so I might leave that experiment up to you readers.

In the meantime, enjoy the final Kamigawa spoilers and definitely reach out if you end up taking out RUG Saga for a spin!

Unpacking The Decline of Magic-Streaming Viewership

Posted on by Paul Comeau

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The Three Worst Months For Magic Streaming

Despite the hype for Kamigawa Neon Dynasty, there's been a lot of doom and gloom in recent Magic: The Gathering news. The hits, unfortunately, just keep coming. On February 2nd, @CubeApril shared this tweet with data from sullygnome.com, a Twitch stats and analytics tracking site:

Looking at viewing data from the peak in October 2018 to the present, we see a general downward trend across the board in Twitch viewership of Magic: The Gathering. While we must note that this data includes both Magic Arena and Magic: Online data combined, these numbers do not look much better than the 2018 numbers prior to Arena's Open Beta release. So what's going on? Today I'll look at three challenges facing Magic streaming, and how Wizards could step in to boost viewership.

The First Challenge: Competition with Other Games

Magic: The Gathering is far from the biggest fish when it comes to Twitch views. Using Data of the past 30 days (as of February 3rd) from sullygnome.com, let's compare Magic stream viewership to two of its other digital Trading Card Game(TCG) competitors.

Hearthstone clearly blows Magic out of the water with nearly seven times the number of hours watched in the past month. What's wild to note is the number two game on the list, Yu-Gi-Oh! Master Duel has nearly three times the views of Magic and twice the streamers of Magic or Hearthstone combined, though the game has only been out since January 18th. Clearly, competition is stiff between these games, and the newcomer is making its presence felt.

The numbers of all three of these games though pale in comparison next to some of the top streamed games on Twitch. Here are the three digital TCGs we've examined VS. three of the top streamed games on the Twitch platform:

The three digital TCGs together have less than half the viewership of VALORANT and are barely a drop in the bucket compared to League of Legends, the most-watched game on Twitch. What does this mean? It means two things. One, that viewers are certainly choosing to watch less Magic streaming. It also hints strongly though that streamers themselves, facing declining viewers, may be choosing to stream less Magic, further accelerating this decline. Data from sullygnome.com on the number of average channels streaming Magic corroborates this theory:

In January 2021, there were an average of 129 channels streaming Magic. One year later, the average number of channels streaming Magic in January 2022 was down to 83. So what is causing this decline in both viewers and streamers? This leads us to the second challenge facing Magic streaming.

The Second Challenge: The State of the Magic Arena Economy

The number one complaint about Magic Arena from pretty much anyone you'll read, not just a number of major content creators, is how brutal the Arena economy is on its players. Jose Lopez a frequent Arena grinder eloquently summed up the issues surrounding the Arena economy and offered some possible solutions to improve it in this thread:

While Lopez indicates that a direct purchase option for wildcards in the Arena store would be a great first step forward, by far the biggest takeaway from his thread was this telling statement that's been echoed by others across social media:

One of the biggest things setting Magic Arena apart from other digital clients is a complete lack of a system for turning unwanted cards into other cards or other resources to play the game. Most digital TCGs have some form of dusting mechanic, allowing cards to be converted to in-client resources. Even Magic Online, in addition to the ability to trade and sell cards with other players for cash, has the ability to cash in cards for Tix, the in-game currency which can be used to enter events.

When you add on that Arena has no duplicate protection, you wind up in situations where you have eight copies of a card like Thalia, Guardian of Thraben or Fabled Passage though you'll never need more than four to play in a deck.

As it stands, the current state of the Arena economy makes it almost prohibitively expensive for players to acquire the wildcards they need to complete decks. This is likely directly contributing to the decline in both Magic streaming viewership and participation. Why would you want to watch others play Magic Arena when you'll never be able to build a deck on the client yourself? Why would you want to stream on the client when it's so prohibitively expensive to build constructed decks? Never mind if there's an audience to watch your content? These are all rhetorical questions, but I've no doubt they're on the minds of both viewers and streamers alike.

The Third Challenge: Lack of Organized Play or In-Client Incentives to Play

The third challenge facing Magic streaming is a lack of any sort of robust Organized Play (OP) program or any significant incentives to grind the game with any dedication other than climbing the Arena ladder. The lack of significant OP is no doubt tied to the ongoing pandemic and the impossibility of safely running large in-person events. The lack of meaningful rewards on Arena's client though is a different story. It can easily be seen as a major failing of the program from a player retention standpoint. Who wants to put in hours of effort grinding, when the rewards for your effort at any level below reaching Mythic are meaningless pittances at best?

Arena End of Season Ladder Rewards Per Level (Constructed and Limited)

Qualification to play in the Mythic Qualifier Weekend events aside, even the in-client rewards for reaching the top tier on the Arena ladder in either Limited or Constructed are pitiful. You'd need to reach Mythic ten months in a row to pay for a single draft entry with those rewards. This doesn't even get into how meaningless card style cosmetic rewards are, or the rewards for anyone below Mythic rank. Can you imagine making it all the way to upper Diamond, just missing making Mythic, and only getting four packs, 1,000 gold, and two cards styles to show for it?

Possible Solutions

Jose Lopez laid out some excellent ideas for improvements to Arena in his Twitter thread beyond just the economy. It's the economic and play incentive improvements though, that I see as the most direct way to draw players back to the game. If more players are excited to play the game, more will be excited to watch the game as well. Here are three improvements I'd like to see to Arena:

  • An easier way to get wildcards, either through direct purchase, through dusting, or through cashing in lower rarity wildcards for higher rarity wildcards at some exchange rate.
  • A more robust rewards system. Offering better incentives for grinding the ladder, and more variety of rewards and challenges for daily and weekly quests.
  • Duplicate protection, where if you already own four copies of a particular card from any set, you'll be able to turn duplicates you open from other sets into Gems or vault progress.

End Step

From my perspective, the decline in Magic streaming viewership is directly related to the overall state of the Arena client. If changes are not made, as we come out of the pandemic, I imagine the decline in viewers will only accelerate.

What are your thoughts about the state of Magic streaming? About the state of Arena? What steps would you take to improve them? Let me know in the comments or on Twitter.

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Paul Comeau

Paul is Quiet Speculation's Director of Content. He first started playing Magic in 1994 when he cracked open his first Revised packs. He got interested in Magic Finance in 2000 after being swindled on a trade. As a budget-minded competitive player, he's always looking to improve his knowledge of the metagame and the market to stay competitive and to share that knowledge with those around him so we can all make better decisions. An avid Limited player, his favorite Cube card is Shahrazad. A freelance content creator by day, he is currently writing a book on the ‘90s TCG boom. You can find him on Twitter and LinkedIn.

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Posted in Arena, Free, Magic: The Gathering Arena, TwitchTagged , 1 Comment on Unpacking The Decline of Magic-Streaming Viewership

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Layers, Part Two: Control- and Text-Changing Effects

Posted on by Andrew Villarrubia

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We'll Get There When We Get There

I know, I know. Kamigawa: Neon Dynasty is everywhere right now. While we've seen some very cool cards, I'm not quite ready to write about the set mechanics yet. I need the new comprehensive rules first. Expect a Neon Dynasty article in a couple weeks!

We've Been Here Before

With that out of the way, welcome to my second installment on layers. This week we'll tackle layer 2 (control-changing) and layer 3 (text-changing) effects. These layers have a bit less complexity than copy effects, so I figured I should collapse them into a single article.

Let's cover what these effects do before looking at some of the weirder stuff involved.

The Basics: Control-Changing Effects

Astute readers might recognize that a "control-changing effect" changes control of an object—think effects like Act of Treason. Control-changing effects are usually pretty straightforward and tell you that a player "gain[s] control" of one or more things.

Out of Control

Sometimes, an effect might seem like a control-changing effect without actually being one. Bribery, for instance, lets you snag a creature out of your opponent's library and put it onto the battlefield under your control. However, this is not a control-changing effect; the person who stole a creature with Bribery is that creature's default controller.

What's a "Default Controller"?

An object's default controller only matters in multiplayer games. This distinction helps us figure out what happens to objects when a player leaves the game.

For example, let's say Abby, Bill, Carlos, and Deb are playing a game of commander. Abby steals Bill's Grizzly Bears with Act of Aggression. That same turn, Abby loses the game. When Abby leaves the game, any control-changing effects that granted her control of other people's stuff end. Act of Aggression's effect ends, and the Grizzly Bears goes back to Bill.

On the other hand, suppose Abby steals Bill's Grizzly Bears with Bribery. When Abby leaves the game, there's no control-changing effect that needs to end. The game requires that object be somewhere, but since the Bears was only ever controlled by Abby, the game shrugs and exiles it instead.

Odds and Ends

Most of the time, control-changing effects depend entirely on timestamps, but on rare occasion, a dependency can occur. A good example is In Bolas's Clutches. If you played any Dominaria limited, you've probably seen something like this happen once or twice. If Abby enchants Bill's Grizzly Bears with In Bolas's Clutches, Abby gains control of the Bear. However, if Bill then enchants Abby's enchantment with his own In Bolas's Clutches, the first enchantment is now dependent on the second. The "you" on the first Clutches now refers to Bill, so Bill will regain control of his own Grizzly Bears.

It may surprise you that cards like Homeward Path and Brand also create control-changing effects. While it's an easy mental shortcut to just say "other effects end and I get my stuff back," that isn't quite accurate. If that's how Homeward Path worked, you wouldn't get back the creature your opponent stole with Bribery.

You Know One When You See One

Text-changing effects, much like control-changing effects, are easy to spot. They tell you to change the text of something. This kind of effect is also rare; there are about 20 cards (out of over 20,000!) that have text-changing effects. But they're still part of the game, and we should still know how they work.

Generally speaking, text-changing effects modify text in a card's rules text and/or its typeline. If an effect tells you to replace text with something else, the effect only replaces words that are used in the right way. For instance, if you Magical Hack your opponent's Island Fish Jaconius and change "Island" to "Forest," the card's name is unaffected. The "Island" in its name isn't used as a land type.

Effects that modify or change an object's name, like Spy Kit and Awakening of Vitu-Ghazi, are also text-changing effects.

The Elephant (Or Something Else) In the Room

Volrath's Shapeshifter is a weird card. It's the only Magic card that uses the words "full text." That makes it do even more than a normal text-changing effect.

612.5. One card (Volrath’s Shapeshifter) states that an object has the “full text” of another object. This changes not just the text that appears in the object’s text box and type line, but also changes the text that represents its name, mana cost, color indicator, power, and toughness.

Magic Comprehensive Rules

Now, a sane person might think to themselves: "Self, if Volrath's Shapeshifter copies everything printed on a card, why isn't it a copy effect?" In fact, as originally printed way back in Stronghold, it was a copy effect! But that reading fell apart when Wizards developed the current layers system.

Let's pretend for a moment that Volrath's Shapeshifter did use a copy effect. I play a Shapeshifter and the top card of my graveyard is a Grizzly Bears. You cast Act of Aggression on the Shapeshifter, and the top card of your graveyard is Hill Giant. Because we apply copy effects before control-changing effects, the Shapeshifter that you control would still be a copy of my Grizzly Bears. See why that doesn't work?

So, the solution they came up with to maintain the card's intended functionality was just to jam it all into a text-changing effect. Its effect applies after any control-changing effects, so it will always properly "see" the correct player's graveyard to determine what characteristics it has.

Cleanup

Text- and control-changing effects are probably some of the easiest to understand, since by and large you do what they tell you to do. As always, if I overlooked something or you'd like something clarified, don't hesitate to reach out. And the same goes for if you'd like a specific topic covered! Feel free to reach me on Twitter or our Insider Discord.

Next week, we'll look at the ins and outs of triggered abilities.

Question of the week: What's your favorite control-changing effect?

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